MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Gut microbiota in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
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MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY : Gut microbiota in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. / Allin, Kristine H.; Nielsen, Trine; Pedersen, Oluf.
In: European Journal of Endocrinology, Vol. 172, No. 4, 2015, p. R167-R177.Research output: Contribution to journal › Review › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
T2 - Gut microbiota in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
AU - Allin, Kristine H.
AU - Nielsen, Trine
AU - Pedersen, Oluf.
N1 - M1 - Copyright (C) 2015 American Chemical Society (ACS). All Rights Reserved. CAPLUS AN 2015:796673(Journal; General Review)
PY - 2015
Y1 - 2015
N2 - Perturbations of the composition and function of the gut microbiota have been associated with metabolic disorders including obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Studies on mice have demonstrated several underlying mechanisms including host signalling through bacterial lipopolysaccharides derived from the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, bacterial fermentation of dietary fibres to short-chain fatty acids and bacterial modulation of bile acids. On top of this, an increased permeability of the intestinal epithelium may lead to increased absorption of macromolecules from the intestinal content resulting in systemic immune responses, low-grade inflammation and altered signalling pathways influencing lipid and glucose metabolism. While mechanistic studies on mice collectively support a causal role of the gut microbiota in metabolic diseases, the majority of studies in humans are correlative of nature and thus hinder causal inferences. Importantly, several factors known to influence the risk of type 2 diabetes, e.g. diet and age, have also been linked to alterations in the gut microbiota complicating the interpretation of correlative studies. However, based upon the available evidence, it is hypothesised that the gut microbiota may mediate or modulate the influence of lifestyle factors triggering development of type 2 diabetes. Thus, the aim of this review is to critically discuss the potential role of the gut microbiota in the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.
AB - Perturbations of the composition and function of the gut microbiota have been associated with metabolic disorders including obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Studies on mice have demonstrated several underlying mechanisms including host signalling through bacterial lipopolysaccharides derived from the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, bacterial fermentation of dietary fibres to short-chain fatty acids and bacterial modulation of bile acids. On top of this, an increased permeability of the intestinal epithelium may lead to increased absorption of macromolecules from the intestinal content resulting in systemic immune responses, low-grade inflammation and altered signalling pathways influencing lipid and glucose metabolism. While mechanistic studies on mice collectively support a causal role of the gut microbiota in metabolic diseases, the majority of studies in humans are correlative of nature and thus hinder causal inferences. Importantly, several factors known to influence the risk of type 2 diabetes, e.g. diet and age, have also been linked to alterations in the gut microbiota complicating the interpretation of correlative studies. However, based upon the available evidence, it is hypothesised that the gut microbiota may mediate or modulate the influence of lifestyle factors triggering development of type 2 diabetes. Thus, the aim of this review is to critically discuss the potential role of the gut microbiota in the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.
KW - review endocrinol gut microbiota diabetes mellitus
U2 - 10.1530/EJE-14-0874
DO - 10.1530/EJE-14-0874
M3 - Review
VL - 172
SP - R167-R177
JO - European Journal of Endocrinology
JF - European Journal of Endocrinology
SN - 0804-4643
IS - 4
ER -
ID: 150702626