Listening to music for insomnia in adults
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Listening to music for insomnia in adults. / Jespersen, Kira V.; Pando-Naude, Victor; Koenig, Julian; Jennum, Poul; Vuust, Peter.
In: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Vol. 2022, No. 8, CD010459, 2022.Research output: Contribution to journal › Review › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Listening to music for insomnia in adults
AU - Jespersen, Kira V.
AU - Pando-Naude, Victor
AU - Koenig, Julian
AU - Jennum, Poul
AU - Vuust, Peter
N1 - Funding Information: Funding sources: supported by the Hungarian Ministry of Education, the National Research Fund (Hungary), the Ferenc Faludi Academy, and the János Bolyai Research Fellowship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences Funding Information: Funding sources: supported by the Ludwig Boltzmann Institut (Saalfelden), the Herbert von Karajan Centrum (Wien), Salzburg University, and the Mozart University (Salzburg). Funding Information: Funding sources: supported by Project of Zhejiang Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Funding Information: Funding sources: financially supported by the Vice-Chancellor for Research Affairs, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran (Grant No 10571). Funding Information: Funding sources: funded by the National Science Council of Taiwan Funding Information: We would like to thank the editorial team of the Cochrane Developmental, Psychosocial and Learning Problems Group (CDPLPG) for their excellent advice and support. We are also grateful to Information Specialist Margaret Anderson for her assistance with the search process and to PhD student Mia Dong for translations. We thank Dr Kullich, Dr Bernatzky, Dr Harmat and Dr Burrai for kindly providing additional information about their trials. Thanks also to the Danish National Research Foundation for providing the fundament for our research center (DNRF117). The CRG Editorial Team are grateful to the following peer reviewers for their time and comments: Dr Bei Bei, Monash University, Australia; Colin Espie, Professor of Sleep Medicine, University of Oxford, UK; Dr Helen McAneney, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Ireland; and Ngenjang Melvis BSc Nursing/Midwifery, University of Bamenda, Cameroon. In addition, the CRG Editorial Team are grateful to Anne Lawson, Copy Edit Support, Cochrane, for copyediting this review. Funding Information: Funding sources: sponsored by Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Iran Funding Information: Funding sources: funded by the National Science Council, Taiwan (NSC102-2628-B-320-001-MY3) Funding Information: Eight trials were funded or partly funded by a grant from a national research council, university, government or foundation (Amiri 2019; Cai 2015; Chang 2012; Harmat 2008; Huang 2017; Jespersen 2019; Kullich 2003; Momennasab 2018). Five trials reported no information on funding sources (Burrai 2020; Lai 2005; Liu 2016; Shum 2014; Wang 2016).
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - Background: Insomnia is a common problem in modern society. It is associated with reduced quality of life and impairments in physical and mental health. Listening to music is widely used as a sleep aid, but it remains unclear if it can actually improve insomnia in adults. This Cochrane Review is an update of a review published in 2015. Objectives: To assess the effects of listening to music on sleep in adults with insomnia and to assess the influence of specific variables that may moderate the effect. Search methods: For this update, we searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, nine other databases and two trials registers up to December 2021. In addition, we handsearched reference lists of included studies, and contacted authors of published studies to identify additional studies eligible for inclusion, including any unpublished or ongoing trials. Selection criteria: Randomised controlled trials comparing the effects of listening to music with no treatment or treatment as usual (TAU) in adults complaining of sleep difficulties. Data collection and analysis: Two review authors independently screened records for eligibility, selected studies for inclusion, extracted data and assessed risk of bias of the included studies. We assessed the certainty of the evidence using GRADE. The primary outcomes were sleep quality, insomnia severity, sleep-onset latency, total sleep time, sleep interruption, sleep efficiency and adverse events. Data on the predefined outcome measures were included in meta-analyses when consistently reported by at least two studies that were homogeneous in terms of participants, interventions and outcomes. We undertook meta-analyses using random-effects models. Main results: We included 13 studies (eight studies new to this update) comprising 1007 participants. The studies examined the effect of listening to prerecorded music daily, for 25 to 60 minutes, for a period of three days to three months. The risk of bias within the studies varied, with all studies being at high risk of performance bias, because of limited possibilities to blind participants to the music intervention. Some studies were at high risk of detection bias or other bias. Four studies reported funding from national research councils, three studies reported financial support from university sources and one study reported a grant from a private foundation. Five studies did not report any financial support. At the end of the intervention, we found moderate-certainty evidence for improved sleep quality measured with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) in themusic groups compared to no intervention or TAU (mean difference (MD) −2.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) −3.86 to −1.72; 10 studies, 708 participants). The PSQI scale ranges from 0 to 21 with higher scores indicating poorer sleep. The size of the effect indicates an increase in sleep quality of the size of about one standard deviation in favour of the intervention. We found no clear evidence of a difference in the effects of listening to music compared to no treatment or TAU on insomnia severity (MD −6.96, 95% CI −15.21 to 1.28; 2 studies, 63 participants; very low-certainty evidence). We found low-certainty evidence that, compared to no treatment or TAU, listening to music may reduce problems with sleep-onset latency (MD −0.60, 95% CI −0.83 to −0.37; 3 studies, 197 participants), total sleep time (MD −0.69, 95% CI −1.16 to −0.23; 3 studies, 197 participants) and sleep efficiency (MD −0.96, 95% CI −1.38 to −0.54; 3 studies, 197 participants), but may have no effect on perceived sleep interruption (MD −0.53, 95% CI −1.47 to 0.40; 3 studies, 197 participants). In addition, three studies (136 participants) included objective measures of sleep-onset latency, total sleep time, sleep efficiency and sleep interruption and showed that listening to music may not improve these outcomes compared to no treatment or TAU. None of the included studies reported any adverse events. Authors' conclusions: The findings of this review provide evidence that music may be effective for improving subjective sleep quality in adults with symptoms of insomnia. More research is needed to establish the effect of listening to music on other aspects of sleep as well as the daytime consequences of insomnia.
AB - Background: Insomnia is a common problem in modern society. It is associated with reduced quality of life and impairments in physical and mental health. Listening to music is widely used as a sleep aid, but it remains unclear if it can actually improve insomnia in adults. This Cochrane Review is an update of a review published in 2015. Objectives: To assess the effects of listening to music on sleep in adults with insomnia and to assess the influence of specific variables that may moderate the effect. Search methods: For this update, we searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, nine other databases and two trials registers up to December 2021. In addition, we handsearched reference lists of included studies, and contacted authors of published studies to identify additional studies eligible for inclusion, including any unpublished or ongoing trials. Selection criteria: Randomised controlled trials comparing the effects of listening to music with no treatment or treatment as usual (TAU) in adults complaining of sleep difficulties. Data collection and analysis: Two review authors independently screened records for eligibility, selected studies for inclusion, extracted data and assessed risk of bias of the included studies. We assessed the certainty of the evidence using GRADE. The primary outcomes were sleep quality, insomnia severity, sleep-onset latency, total sleep time, sleep interruption, sleep efficiency and adverse events. Data on the predefined outcome measures were included in meta-analyses when consistently reported by at least two studies that were homogeneous in terms of participants, interventions and outcomes. We undertook meta-analyses using random-effects models. Main results: We included 13 studies (eight studies new to this update) comprising 1007 participants. The studies examined the effect of listening to prerecorded music daily, for 25 to 60 minutes, for a period of three days to three months. The risk of bias within the studies varied, with all studies being at high risk of performance bias, because of limited possibilities to blind participants to the music intervention. Some studies were at high risk of detection bias or other bias. Four studies reported funding from national research councils, three studies reported financial support from university sources and one study reported a grant from a private foundation. Five studies did not report any financial support. At the end of the intervention, we found moderate-certainty evidence for improved sleep quality measured with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) in themusic groups compared to no intervention or TAU (mean difference (MD) −2.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) −3.86 to −1.72; 10 studies, 708 participants). The PSQI scale ranges from 0 to 21 with higher scores indicating poorer sleep. The size of the effect indicates an increase in sleep quality of the size of about one standard deviation in favour of the intervention. We found no clear evidence of a difference in the effects of listening to music compared to no treatment or TAU on insomnia severity (MD −6.96, 95% CI −15.21 to 1.28; 2 studies, 63 participants; very low-certainty evidence). We found low-certainty evidence that, compared to no treatment or TAU, listening to music may reduce problems with sleep-onset latency (MD −0.60, 95% CI −0.83 to −0.37; 3 studies, 197 participants), total sleep time (MD −0.69, 95% CI −1.16 to −0.23; 3 studies, 197 participants) and sleep efficiency (MD −0.96, 95% CI −1.38 to −0.54; 3 studies, 197 participants), but may have no effect on perceived sleep interruption (MD −0.53, 95% CI −1.47 to 0.40; 3 studies, 197 participants). In addition, three studies (136 participants) included objective measures of sleep-onset latency, total sleep time, sleep efficiency and sleep interruption and showed that listening to music may not improve these outcomes compared to no treatment or TAU. None of the included studies reported any adverse events. Authors' conclusions: The findings of this review provide evidence that music may be effective for improving subjective sleep quality in adults with symptoms of insomnia. More research is needed to establish the effect of listening to music on other aspects of sleep as well as the daytime consequences of insomnia.
U2 - 10.1002/14651858.CD010459.pub3
DO - 10.1002/14651858.CD010459.pub3
M3 - Review
C2 - 36000763
AN - SCOPUS:85136371603
VL - 2022
JO - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
JF - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
SN - 1361-6137
IS - 8
M1 - CD010459
ER -
ID: 326667654