Effects of Plant-Based Diets on Markers of Insulin Sensitivity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials
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Effects of Plant-Based Diets on Markers of Insulin Sensitivity : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials. / Termannsen, Anne Ditte; Søndergaard, Christian Sümeghy; Færch, Kristine; Andersen, Tue Helms; Raben, Anne; Quist, Jonas Salling.
In: Nutrients, Vol. 16, No. 13, 2110, 2024.Research output: Contribution to journal › Review › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Effects of Plant-Based Diets on Markers of Insulin Sensitivity
T2 - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials
AU - Termannsen, Anne Ditte
AU - Søndergaard, Christian Sümeghy
AU - Færch, Kristine
AU - Andersen, Tue Helms
AU - Raben, Anne
AU - Quist, Jonas Salling
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2024 by the authors.
PY - 2024
Y1 - 2024
N2 - The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the effects of plant-based diets on markers of insulin sensitivity in people with overweight/obesity, prediabetes, or type 2 diabetes (T2D). A systematic literature search in MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and CENTRAL was conducted, and randomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effect of plant-based diets (vegan, ovo-vegetarian, lacto-vegetarian, and lacto-ovo-vegetarian) for ≥14 d on markers of insulin sensitivity in adults (≥18 years) with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, prediabetes, or T2D were eligible. We identified eight RCTs, including 716 participants. In comparison with control diets, plant-based diets improved Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) (−0.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) (−1.67, −0.27), p = 0.007) and fasting insulin (−4.13 µU/mL, 95% CI (−7.22, −1.04), p = 0.009) in people with overweight/obesity. In people with prediabetes, one study compared vegan and vegetarian diets and found no difference in HOMA-IR, or fasting insulin. One study of people with T2D reported no difference in immunoreactive insulin and metabolic glucose clearance compared with a conventional diabetes diet. In conclusion, adhering to plant-based diets for ≥14 d improved HOMA-IR and fasting insulin in people with overweight/obesity. Long-term RCTs are needed to determine whether plant-based diets can result in prolonged improvements in insulin sensitivity in people at risk of or with T2D.
AB - The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the effects of plant-based diets on markers of insulin sensitivity in people with overweight/obesity, prediabetes, or type 2 diabetes (T2D). A systematic literature search in MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and CENTRAL was conducted, and randomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effect of plant-based diets (vegan, ovo-vegetarian, lacto-vegetarian, and lacto-ovo-vegetarian) for ≥14 d on markers of insulin sensitivity in adults (≥18 years) with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, prediabetes, or T2D were eligible. We identified eight RCTs, including 716 participants. In comparison with control diets, plant-based diets improved Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) (−0.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) (−1.67, −0.27), p = 0.007) and fasting insulin (−4.13 µU/mL, 95% CI (−7.22, −1.04), p = 0.009) in people with overweight/obesity. In people with prediabetes, one study compared vegan and vegetarian diets and found no difference in HOMA-IR, or fasting insulin. One study of people with T2D reported no difference in immunoreactive insulin and metabolic glucose clearance compared with a conventional diabetes diet. In conclusion, adhering to plant-based diets for ≥14 d improved HOMA-IR and fasting insulin in people with overweight/obesity. Long-term RCTs are needed to determine whether plant-based diets can result in prolonged improvements in insulin sensitivity in people at risk of or with T2D.
KW - HOMA
KW - lacto-ovo
KW - obesity
KW - overweight
KW - prediabetes
KW - type 2 diabetes
KW - vegan
KW - vegetarian
U2 - 10.3390/nu16132110
DO - 10.3390/nu16132110
M3 - Review
AN - SCOPUS:85198344571
VL - 16
JO - Nutrients
JF - Nutrients
SN - 2072-6643
IS - 13
M1 - 2110
ER -
ID: 399062905