TY - CHAP

T1 - Yam beans (Pachyrhizus tuberosus (Lam.) Spreng. and Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urb.—Fabaceae)—lowland South American and Meso-American cultivars and landraces with starch and protein market potential—their botany, agronomy, ethnobotany, and present uses

AU - Sørensen, Marten

AU - Vecht, Karen Amaya

AU - Leidi Montes, Eduardo Óscar

AU - Simonsen, Steen

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

PY - 2023

Y1 - 2023

N2 - The two cultivated lowland species belonging to the genus Pachyrhizus Rich. ex DC.—the yam beans—P. erosus (L.) Urb. and P. tuberosus (Lam.) Spreng. exclusively seed propagated and cultivated for their edible starch and protein-rich tuberous roots, their evolution and domestication processes including cultivar groups and landraces are described. Agroecological requirements, agronomy including large-scale commercial and the small-scale traditional cultivation practices, are detailed. Postharvest processing and industrial potential are based on starch (10%–35%), protein (4%–10%), and fiber (3.6%–4.1%) contents, depending on species and cultivar group. Both starch and protein qualities are high. The starch granules are comparable to rice (Oryza sativa L.) starch (85%–91% amylopectin) and the protein to that of native potato (Solanum spp.). Besides, agronomic management is easy when compared to P. ahipa. Meanwhile, P. tuberosus is grown and still consumed mainly at rural households. Root dry matter content of P. tuberosus ranges from 21% to 34% compared to P. ahipa (16%–20%). Through interspecific crossings (e.g., P. ahipa × P. tuberosus Chuin cultivar group), the progenies can produce starch content up to 25%. The Pachyrhizus spp. starch possesses a high quality due to low amylose content (less than 16%) when compared to traditional starch from monocots. In commercial pilot production of P. tuberosus sundried meal, the estimated composition can increase up to 61% starch, 24% protein, and 15% fiber.

AB - The two cultivated lowland species belonging to the genus Pachyrhizus Rich. ex DC.—the yam beans—P. erosus (L.) Urb. and P. tuberosus (Lam.) Spreng. exclusively seed propagated and cultivated for their edible starch and protein-rich tuberous roots, their evolution and domestication processes including cultivar groups and landraces are described. Agroecological requirements, agronomy including large-scale commercial and the small-scale traditional cultivation practices, are detailed. Postharvest processing and industrial potential are based on starch (10%–35%), protein (4%–10%), and fiber (3.6%–4.1%) contents, depending on species and cultivar group. Both starch and protein qualities are high. The starch granules are comparable to rice (Oryza sativa L.) starch (85%–91% amylopectin) and the protein to that of native potato (Solanum spp.). Besides, agronomic management is easy when compared to P. ahipa. Meanwhile, P. tuberosus is grown and still consumed mainly at rural households. Root dry matter content of P. tuberosus ranges from 21% to 34% compared to P. ahipa (16%–20%). Through interspecific crossings (e.g., P. ahipa × P. tuberosus Chuin cultivar group), the progenies can produce starch content up to 25%. The Pachyrhizus spp. starch possesses a high quality due to low amylose content (less than 16%) when compared to traditional starch from monocots. In commercial pilot production of P. tuberosus sundried meal, the estimated composition can increase up to 61% starch, 24% protein, and 15% fiber.

KW - diversity

KW - protein

KW - rural households

KW - starch

KW - sustainability

KW - Yam beans

U2 - 10.1016/B978-0-323-90057-7.00003-6

DO - 10.1016/B978-0-323-90057-7.00003-6

M3 - Book chapter

AN - SCOPUS:85160799698

SN - 9780323910651

VL - 2

SP - 135

EP - 178

BT - Varieties and Landraces

PB - Elsevier

ER -