TY - JOUR

T1 - Women, lipids, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

T2 - a call to action from the European Atherosclerosis Society

AU - Roeters Van Lennep, Jeanine E.

AU - Tokgözoǧlu, Lale S.

AU - Badimon, Lina

AU - Dumanski, Sandra M.

AU - Gulati, Martha

AU - Hess, Connie N.

AU - Holven, Kirsten B.

AU - Kavousi, Maryam

AU - Kaylkçloǧlu, Meral

AU - Lutgens, Esther

AU - Michos, Erin D.

AU - Prescott, Eva

AU - Stock, Jane K.

AU - Tybjaerg-Hansen, Anne

AU - Wermer, Marieke J.H.

AU - Benn, Marianne

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Author(s).

PY - 2023

Y1 - 2023

N2 - Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in women and men globally, with most due to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Despite progress during the last 30 years, ASCVD mortality is now increasing, with the fastest relative increase in middle-aged women. Missed or delayed diagnosis and undertreatment do not fully explain this burden of disease. Sex-specific factors, such as hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, premature menopause (especially primary ovarian insufficiency), and polycystic ovary syndrome are also relevant, with good evidence that these are associated with greater cardiovascular risk. This position statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society focuses on these factors, as well as sex-specific effects on lipids, including lipoprotein(a), over the life course in women which impact ASCVD risk. Women are also disproportionately impacted (in relative terms) by diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and auto-immune inflammatory disease. All these effects are compounded by sociocultural components related to gender. This panel stresses the need to identify and treat modifiable cardiovascular risk factors earlier in women, especially for those at risk due to sex-specific conditions, to reduce the unacceptably high burden of ASCVD in women.

AB - Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in women and men globally, with most due to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Despite progress during the last 30 years, ASCVD mortality is now increasing, with the fastest relative increase in middle-aged women. Missed or delayed diagnosis and undertreatment do not fully explain this burden of disease. Sex-specific factors, such as hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, premature menopause (especially primary ovarian insufficiency), and polycystic ovary syndrome are also relevant, with good evidence that these are associated with greater cardiovascular risk. This position statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society focuses on these factors, as well as sex-specific effects on lipids, including lipoprotein(a), over the life course in women which impact ASCVD risk. Women are also disproportionately impacted (in relative terms) by diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and auto-immune inflammatory disease. All these effects are compounded by sociocultural components related to gender. This panel stresses the need to identify and treat modifiable cardiovascular risk factors earlier in women, especially for those at risk due to sex-specific conditions, to reduce the unacceptably high burden of ASCVD in women.

KW - Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

KW - Cholesterol

KW - Lipids

KW - Lipoprotein(a)

KW - Sex-specific risk

KW - Triglycerides

KW - Women

U2 - 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad472

DO - 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad472

M3 - Review

C2 - 37611089

AN - SCOPUS:85170397650

VL - 44

SP - 4157

EP - 4173

JO - European Heart Journal

JF - European Heart Journal

SN - 0195-668X

IS - 39

ER -