TY - JOUR

T1 - The transcriptional program of terminal granulocytic differentiation.

AU - Theilgaard-Mönch, Kim

AU - Jacobsen, Lars Christian

AU - Borup, Rehannah

AU - Rasmussen, Thomas

AU - Bjerregaard, Malene Digmann

AU - Nielsen, Finn Cilius

AU - Cowland, Jack Bernard

AU - Borregaard, Niels

N1 - Keywords: Apoptosis; Blotting, Western; Bone Marrow Cells; Cell Cycle Proteins; Cell Differentiation; Cell Separation; Cytoplasmic Granules; Gene Expression Profiling; Granulocyte Precursor Cells; Granulocytes; Humans; Ligands; Neutrophils; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; Receptors, Growth Factor; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Transcription, Genetic

PY - 2004

Y1 - 2004

N2 - To characterize the transcriptional program that governs terminal granulocytic differentiation in vivo, we performed comprehensive microarray analyses of human bone marrow populations highly enriched in promyelocytes (PMs), myelocytes/metamyelocytes (MYs), and neutrophils (bm-PMNs). These analyses identified 11 310 genes involved in differentiation, of which 6700 were differentially regulated, including previously unidentified effector proteins and surface receptors of neutrophils. Differentiation of PMs toward MYs was accompanied by a marked decline of proliferative and general cellular activity as defined by down-regulation of E2 promoter binding factor (E2F) target genes; cyclin dependent kinases 2, 4, and 6; and various metabolic, proteasomal, and mitochondrial genes. Expression patterns of apoptosis genes indicated death control by the p53 pathway in PMs and by death receptor pathways in bm-PMNs. Effector proteins critical for host defense were expressed successively throughout granulocytic differentiation, whereas receptors and receptor ligands essential for the activation of the host defense program were terminally up-regulated in bm-PMNs. The up-regulation of ligand-receptor pairs, which are defined inducers as well as target genes of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B), suggests a constitutive activation of NF-kappa B in bm-PMNs by autocrine loops. Overall, these results define a granulocytic differentiation model governed by a highly coordinated fail-safe program, which promotes completion of differentiation before cells gain responsiveness toward activating stimuli that accompany infections.

AB - To characterize the transcriptional program that governs terminal granulocytic differentiation in vivo, we performed comprehensive microarray analyses of human bone marrow populations highly enriched in promyelocytes (PMs), myelocytes/metamyelocytes (MYs), and neutrophils (bm-PMNs). These analyses identified 11 310 genes involved in differentiation, of which 6700 were differentially regulated, including previously unidentified effector proteins and surface receptors of neutrophils. Differentiation of PMs toward MYs was accompanied by a marked decline of proliferative and general cellular activity as defined by down-regulation of E2 promoter binding factor (E2F) target genes; cyclin dependent kinases 2, 4, and 6; and various metabolic, proteasomal, and mitochondrial genes. Expression patterns of apoptosis genes indicated death control by the p53 pathway in PMs and by death receptor pathways in bm-PMNs. Effector proteins critical for host defense were expressed successively throughout granulocytic differentiation, whereas receptors and receptor ligands essential for the activation of the host defense program were terminally up-regulated in bm-PMNs. The up-regulation of ligand-receptor pairs, which are defined inducers as well as target genes of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B), suggests a constitutive activation of NF-kappa B in bm-PMNs by autocrine loops. Overall, these results define a granulocytic differentiation model governed by a highly coordinated fail-safe program, which promotes completion of differentiation before cells gain responsiveness toward activating stimuli that accompany infections.

U2 - 10.1182/blood-2004-08-3346

DO - 10.1182/blood-2004-08-3346

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 15514007

VL - 105

SP - 1785

EP - 1796

JO - Blood

JF - Blood

SN - 0006-4971

IS - 4

ER -