Long working hours and alcohol use: systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies and unpublished individual participant data
Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › fagfællebedømt
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Long working hours and alcohol use : systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies and unpublished individual participant data. / Virtanen, Marianna; Jokela, Markus; Nyberg, Solja T; Madsen, Ida E H; Lallukka, Tea; Ahola, Kirsi; Alfredsson, Lars; Batty, G David; Bjorner, Jakob B.; Borritz, Marianne; Burr, Hermann; Casini, Annalisa; Clays, Els; De Bacquer, Dirk; Dragano, Nico; Erbel, Raimund; Ferrie, Jane E; Fransson, Eleonor I; Hamer, Mark; Heikkilä, Katriina; Jöckel, Karl-Heinz; Kittel, France; Knutsson, Anders; Koskenvuo, Markku; Ladwig, Karl-Heinz; Lunau, Thorsten; Nielsen, Martin L.; Nordin, Maria; Oksanen, Tuula; Pejtersen, Jan H; Pentti, Jaana; Rugulies, Reiner; Salo, Paula; Schupp, Jürgen; Siegrist, Johannes; Singh-Manoux, Archana; Steptoe, Andrew; Suominen, Sakari B; Theorell, Töres; Vahtera, Jussi; Wagner, Gert G; Westerholm, Peter J M; Westerlund, Hugo; Kivimäki, Mika.
I: B M J (Online), Bind 350, 13.01.2015, s. 1-14.Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › fagfællebedømt
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Long working hours and alcohol use
T2 - systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies and unpublished individual participant data
AU - Virtanen, Marianna
AU - Jokela, Markus
AU - Nyberg, Solja T
AU - Madsen, Ida E H
AU - Lallukka, Tea
AU - Ahola, Kirsi
AU - Alfredsson, Lars
AU - Batty, G David
AU - Bjorner, Jakob B.
AU - Borritz, Marianne
AU - Burr, Hermann
AU - Casini, Annalisa
AU - Clays, Els
AU - De Bacquer, Dirk
AU - Dragano, Nico
AU - Erbel, Raimund
AU - Ferrie, Jane E
AU - Fransson, Eleonor I
AU - Hamer, Mark
AU - Heikkilä, Katriina
AU - Jöckel, Karl-Heinz
AU - Kittel, France
AU - Knutsson, Anders
AU - Koskenvuo, Markku
AU - Ladwig, Karl-Heinz
AU - Lunau, Thorsten
AU - Nielsen, Martin L.
AU - Nordin, Maria
AU - Oksanen, Tuula
AU - Pejtersen, Jan H
AU - Pentti, Jaana
AU - Rugulies, Reiner
AU - Salo, Paula
AU - Schupp, Jürgen
AU - Siegrist, Johannes
AU - Singh-Manoux, Archana
AU - Steptoe, Andrew
AU - Suominen, Sakari B
AU - Theorell, Töres
AU - Vahtera, Jussi
AU - Wagner, Gert G
AU - Westerholm, Peter J M
AU - Westerlund, Hugo
AU - Kivimäki, Mika
N1 - © Virtanen et al 2015.
PY - 2015/1/13
Y1 - 2015/1/13
N2 - OBJECTIVE: To quantify the association between long working hours and alcohol use.DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies and unpublished individual participant data.DATA SOURCES: A systematic search of PubMed and Embase databases in April 2014 for published studies, supplemented with manual searches. Unpublished individual participant data were obtained from 27 additional studies.REVIEW METHODS: The search strategy was designed to retrieve cross sectional and prospective studies of the association between long working hours and alcohol use. Summary estimates were obtained with random effects meta-analysis. Sources of heterogeneity were examined with meta-regression.RESULTS: Cross sectional analysis was based on 61 studies representing 333,693 participants from 14 countries. Prospective analysis was based on 20 studies representing 100,602 participants from nine countries. The pooled maximum adjusted odds ratio for the association between long working hours and alcohol use was 1.11 (95% confidence interval 1.05 to 1.18) in the cross sectional analysis of published and unpublished data. Odds ratio of new onset risky alcohol use was 1.12 (1.04 to 1.20) in the analysis of prospective published and unpublished data. In the 18 studies with individual participant data it was possible to assess the European Union Working Time Directive, which recommends an upper limit of 48 hours a week. Odds ratios of new onset risky alcohol use for those working 49-54 hours and ≥ 55 hours a week were 1.13 (1.02 to 1.26; adjusted difference in incidence 0.8 percentage points) and 1.12 (1.01 to 1.25; adjusted difference in incidence 0.7 percentage points), respectively, compared with working standard 35-40 hours (incidence of new onset risky alcohol use 6.2%). There was no difference in these associations between men and women or by age or socioeconomic groups, geographical regions, sample type (population based v occupational cohort), prevalence of risky alcohol use in the cohort, or sample attrition rate.CONCLUSIONS: Individuals whose working hours exceed standard recommendations are more likely to increase their alcohol use to levels that pose a health risk.
AB - OBJECTIVE: To quantify the association between long working hours and alcohol use.DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies and unpublished individual participant data.DATA SOURCES: A systematic search of PubMed and Embase databases in April 2014 for published studies, supplemented with manual searches. Unpublished individual participant data were obtained from 27 additional studies.REVIEW METHODS: The search strategy was designed to retrieve cross sectional and prospective studies of the association between long working hours and alcohol use. Summary estimates were obtained with random effects meta-analysis. Sources of heterogeneity were examined with meta-regression.RESULTS: Cross sectional analysis was based on 61 studies representing 333,693 participants from 14 countries. Prospective analysis was based on 20 studies representing 100,602 participants from nine countries. The pooled maximum adjusted odds ratio for the association between long working hours and alcohol use was 1.11 (95% confidence interval 1.05 to 1.18) in the cross sectional analysis of published and unpublished data. Odds ratio of new onset risky alcohol use was 1.12 (1.04 to 1.20) in the analysis of prospective published and unpublished data. In the 18 studies with individual participant data it was possible to assess the European Union Working Time Directive, which recommends an upper limit of 48 hours a week. Odds ratios of new onset risky alcohol use for those working 49-54 hours and ≥ 55 hours a week were 1.13 (1.02 to 1.26; adjusted difference in incidence 0.8 percentage points) and 1.12 (1.01 to 1.25; adjusted difference in incidence 0.7 percentage points), respectively, compared with working standard 35-40 hours (incidence of new onset risky alcohol use 6.2%). There was no difference in these associations between men and women or by age or socioeconomic groups, geographical regions, sample type (population based v occupational cohort), prevalence of risky alcohol use in the cohort, or sample attrition rate.CONCLUSIONS: Individuals whose working hours exceed standard recommendations are more likely to increase their alcohol use to levels that pose a health risk.
KW - Age Factors
KW - Alcohol Drinking
KW - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW - Humans
KW - Odds Ratio
KW - Prevalence
KW - Prospective Studies
KW - Sex Factors
KW - Socioeconomic Factors
KW - Workload
U2 - 10.1136/bmj.g7772
DO - 10.1136/bmj.g7772
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 25587065
VL - 350
SP - 1
EP - 14
JO - The BMJ
JF - The BMJ
SN - 0959-8146
ER -
ID: 136796088