It is argued that a historical and dialectical materialistic, psychological approach enables us to grasp the uniqueness of the human individual, and that the historical and materialistic dialectics are able to solve some of the unsolved problems, which confront a science with an essentially unique object, in its attempt to establish laws of functioning and development for this essentially unique object. Some problems in the determination of the relationship of individual and society are discussed, and the abstract and general basis of a dialectic materialistic approach to this relationship is presented, stressing the internal and historically movable connections between general (allgemeine), specific (besondere) and singular (einzelne) sides of the concrete social and individual life and stressing the human action as the basic unity of and mediating category between individual and society.