TY - JOUR

T1 - Hybridisation and chloroplast capture between distinct Themeda triandra lineages in Australia

AU - Dunning, Luke T.

AU - Olofsson, Jill K.

AU - Papadopulos, Alexander S. T.

AU - Hibdige, Samuel G.S.

AU - Hidalgo, Oriane

AU - Leitch, Ilia J.

AU - Baleeiro, Paulo C.

AU - Ntshangase, Sinethemba

AU - Barker, Nigel

AU - Jobson, Richard W.

N1 - Funding Information: We thank Natalie Murdock and Hayden Ajduk (Rio Tinto Mining), Steven Dillon (PERTH), and Andrew Mitchell (Perth, WA) for help with images, fieldwork and identification of specimens. We would also like to thank Richard Abbott and the anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments. We are grateful for access to collections and provision of loans by managers and staff at AD, AK, BRI, CANB, CNS, DNA, HO, MEL, NSW, PERTH, SING. The Australian Biological Resource Study (ABRS) and Rio Tinto Mining provided funding for this research. LTD is supported by a Natural Environment Research Council Independent Research Fellowship (NE/T011025/1). NPB and SN thank the National Research Foundation of South Africa for financial support (grant unique no. 102653). Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Authors. Molecular Ecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

PY - 2022

Y1 - 2022

N2 - Ecotypes are distinct populations within a species that are adapted to specific environmental conditions. Understanding how these ecotypes become established, and how they interact when reunited, is fundamental to elucidating how ecological adaptations are maintained. This study focuses on Themeda triandra, a dominant grassland species across Asia, Africa and Australia. It is the most widespread plant in Australia, where it has distinct ecotypes that are usually restricted to either wetter and cooler coastal regions or the drier and hotter interior. We generate a reference genome for T. triandra and use whole genome sequencing for over 80 Themeda accessions to reconstruct the evolutionary history of T. triandra and related taxa. Organelle phylogenies confirm that Australia was colonized by T. triandra twice, with the division between ecotypes predating their arrival in Australia. The nuclear genome provides evidence of differences in the dominant ploidal level and gene-flow among the ecotypes. In northern Queensland there appears to be a hybrid zone between ecotypes with admixed nuclear genomes and shared chloroplast haplotypes. Conversely, in the cracking claypans of Western Australia, there is cytonuclear discordance with individuals possessing the coastal chloroplast and interior clade nuclear genome. This chloroplast capture is potentially a result of adaptive introgression, with selection detected in the rpoC2 gene which is associated with water use efficiency. The reason that T. triandra is the most widespread plant in Australia appears to be a result of distinct ecotypic genetic variation and genome duplication, with the importance of each depending on the geographic scale considered.

AB - Ecotypes are distinct populations within a species that are adapted to specific environmental conditions. Understanding how these ecotypes become established, and how they interact when reunited, is fundamental to elucidating how ecological adaptations are maintained. This study focuses on Themeda triandra, a dominant grassland species across Asia, Africa and Australia. It is the most widespread plant in Australia, where it has distinct ecotypes that are usually restricted to either wetter and cooler coastal regions or the drier and hotter interior. We generate a reference genome for T. triandra and use whole genome sequencing for over 80 Themeda accessions to reconstruct the evolutionary history of T. triandra and related taxa. Organelle phylogenies confirm that Australia was colonized by T. triandra twice, with the division between ecotypes predating their arrival in Australia. The nuclear genome provides evidence of differences in the dominant ploidal level and gene-flow among the ecotypes. In northern Queensland there appears to be a hybrid zone between ecotypes with admixed nuclear genomes and shared chloroplast haplotypes. Conversely, in the cracking claypans of Western Australia, there is cytonuclear discordance with individuals possessing the coastal chloroplast and interior clade nuclear genome. This chloroplast capture is potentially a result of adaptive introgression, with selection detected in the rpoC2 gene which is associated with water use efficiency. The reason that T. triandra is the most widespread plant in Australia appears to be a result of distinct ecotypic genetic variation and genome duplication, with the importance of each depending on the geographic scale considered.

KW - adaptation

KW - andropogoneae

KW - angiosperms

KW - ecological genetics

KW - phylogeography

KW - population genetics

U2 - 10.1111/mec.16691

DO - 10.1111/mec.16691

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 36089907

AN - SCOPUS:85138708117

VL - 31

SP - 5846

EP - 5860

JO - Molecular Ecology

JF - Molecular Ecology

SN - 0962-1083

IS - 22

ER -