In this chapter, we first reflect on approaches to public health, ethical positions on public health issues, and definitions of health. We subsequently present ethical, legal, and social issues in genetics and genomics, with particular attention to public health and the historical perspective. We then discuss the issues related to the implementation of genomic technologies in public health with focus on genomic sequencing used for diagnosis, screening, its applications in the context of reproductive technologies, and the potential use of genome editing technology in the germline. Our reflections indicate that to ensure the ethical use of genomic technologies in public health, we should be transparent about the limitations of these technologies, risks and uncertainties involved, stakeholders and their interests, including the most vulnerable who may be affected, and about the values guiding practice of public health genomics.