TY - JOUR

T1 - Evaluation of circulating IgG antibodies against Porphyromonas gingivalis or its gingipains as serological markers of periodontitis and carriage of the bacterium

AU - Massarenti, Laura

AU - Nielsen, Claus Henrik

AU - Danielsen, Anne Katrine

AU - Jensen, Peter Østrup

AU - Enevold, Christian

AU - Damgaard, Christian

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2024 The Authors. Journal of Periodontology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Academy of Periodontology.

PY - 2024

Y1 - 2024

N2 - Background: Increasing evidence indicates that periodontitis contributes to systemic low-grade inflammation. Porphyromonas gingivalis is strongly associated with periodontitis, and antibodies against the bacterium may be used as a serological proxy to account for periodontal status, when studying diseases associated with periodontitis. The aim of the present study is to identify an easily accessible and reliable serological biomarker for determination of periodontal status and oral carriage of the bacterium. Methods: Saliva and serum samples were collected from periodontally healthy controls (n = 27), and patients with periodontitis stage II (n = 12) or stages III or IV (n = 44). Serum levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against intact and fragmented P. gingivalis, recombinant gingipains (RgpA and RgpB), and the bacteria Escherichia coli and Capnocytophaga ochracea as controls were quantified with a multiplex bead-based assay. P. gingivalis was identified in saliva using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results: Serum IgG antibodies against P. gingivalis whole bacteria were good indicators of periodontitis (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.64–0.85). The same was observed for levels of antibodies against P. gingivalis fragments (AUC: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.68–0.88). Likewise, levels of antibodies against P. gingivalis whole bacteria or P. gingivalis fragments were good indicators of oral carriage of P. gingivalis (AUC: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86–0.98 and AUC: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.92–1, respectively). Conversely, antibodies against recombinant RgpA and RgpB were not good indicators of periodontitis or oral carriage of the bacterium. None of the antibody levels differed significantly between stage II and stage III or IV periodontitis. Conclusion: Serum IgG antibody levels against heat-inactivated whole P. gingivalis proved to be the preferable biomarker for periodontitis and oral carriage of the bacterium.

AB - Background: Increasing evidence indicates that periodontitis contributes to systemic low-grade inflammation. Porphyromonas gingivalis is strongly associated with periodontitis, and antibodies against the bacterium may be used as a serological proxy to account for periodontal status, when studying diseases associated with periodontitis. The aim of the present study is to identify an easily accessible and reliable serological biomarker for determination of periodontal status and oral carriage of the bacterium. Methods: Saliva and serum samples were collected from periodontally healthy controls (n = 27), and patients with periodontitis stage II (n = 12) or stages III or IV (n = 44). Serum levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against intact and fragmented P. gingivalis, recombinant gingipains (RgpA and RgpB), and the bacteria Escherichia coli and Capnocytophaga ochracea as controls were quantified with a multiplex bead-based assay. P. gingivalis was identified in saliva using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results: Serum IgG antibodies against P. gingivalis whole bacteria were good indicators of periodontitis (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.64–0.85). The same was observed for levels of antibodies against P. gingivalis fragments (AUC: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.68–0.88). Likewise, levels of antibodies against P. gingivalis whole bacteria or P. gingivalis fragments were good indicators of oral carriage of P. gingivalis (AUC: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86–0.98 and AUC: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.92–1, respectively). Conversely, antibodies against recombinant RgpA and RgpB were not good indicators of periodontitis or oral carriage of the bacterium. None of the antibody levels differed significantly between stage II and stage III or IV periodontitis. Conclusion: Serum IgG antibody levels against heat-inactivated whole P. gingivalis proved to be the preferable biomarker for periodontitis and oral carriage of the bacterium.

KW - biomarker

KW - immunoglobulin

KW - periodontitis

KW - Porphyromonas gingivalis

U2 - 10.1002/JPER.23-0766

DO - 10.1002/JPER.23-0766

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 38884611

AN - SCOPUS:85196222427

JO - Journal of Periodontology

JF - Journal of Periodontology

SN - 0022-3492

ER -