Control of paratuberculosis: Who, why and how. A review of 48 countries
Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Review › Forskning › fagfællebedømt
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Control of paratuberculosis : Who, why and how. A review of 48 countries. / Whittington, Richard; Donat, Karsten; Weber, Maarten F.; Kelton, David; Nielsen, Søren Saxmose; Eisenberg, Suzanne; Arrigoni, Norma; Juste, Ramon; Sáez, Jose Luis; Dhand, Navneet; Santi, Annalisa; Michel, Anita; Barkema, Herman; Kralik, Petr; Kostoulas, Polychronis; Citer, Lorna; Griffin, Frank; Barwell, Rob; Moreira, Maria Aparecida Scatamburlo; Slana, Iva; Koehler, Heike; Singh, Shoor Vir; Yoo, Han Sang; Chávez-Gris, Gilberto; Goodridge, Amador; Ocepek, Matjaz; Garrido, Joseba; Stevenson, Karen; Collins, Mike; Alonso, Bernardo; Cirone, Karina; Paolicchi, Fernando; Gavey, Lawrence; Rahman, Md Tanvir; De Marchin, Emmanuelle; Van Praet, Willem; Bauman, Cathy; Fecteau, Gilles; McKenna, Shawn; Salgado, Miguel; Fernández-Silva, Jorge; Dziedzinska, Radka; Echeverría, Gustavo; Seppänen, Jaana; Thibault, Virginie; Fridriksdottir, Vala; Derakhshandeh, Abdolah; Haghkhah, Masoud; Ruocco, Luigi; Kawaji, Satoko; Momotani, Eiichi; Heuer, Cord; Norton, Solis; Cadmus, Simeon; Agdestein, Angelika; Kampen, Annette; Szteyn, Joanna; Frössling, Jenny; Schwan, Ebba; Caldow, George; Strain, Sam; Carter, Mike; Wells, Scott; Munyeme, Musso; Wolf, Robert; Gurung, Ratna; Verdugo, Cristobal; Fourichon, Christine; Yamamoto, Takehisa; Thapaliya, Sharada; Di Labio, Elena; Ekgatat, Monaya; Gil, Andres; Alesandre, Alvaro Nuñez; Piaggio, José; Suanes, Alejandra; De Waard, Jacobus H.
I: BMC Veterinary Research, Bind 15, Nr. 1, 198, 2019.Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Review › Forskning › fagfællebedømt
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Control of paratuberculosis
T2 - Who, why and how. A review of 48 countries
AU - Whittington, Richard
AU - Donat, Karsten
AU - Weber, Maarten F.
AU - Kelton, David
AU - Nielsen, Søren Saxmose
AU - Eisenberg, Suzanne
AU - Arrigoni, Norma
AU - Juste, Ramon
AU - Sáez, Jose Luis
AU - Dhand, Navneet
AU - Santi, Annalisa
AU - Michel, Anita
AU - Barkema, Herman
AU - Kralik, Petr
AU - Kostoulas, Polychronis
AU - Citer, Lorna
AU - Griffin, Frank
AU - Barwell, Rob
AU - Moreira, Maria Aparecida Scatamburlo
AU - Slana, Iva
AU - Koehler, Heike
AU - Singh, Shoor Vir
AU - Yoo, Han Sang
AU - Chávez-Gris, Gilberto
AU - Goodridge, Amador
AU - Ocepek, Matjaz
AU - Garrido, Joseba
AU - Stevenson, Karen
AU - Collins, Mike
AU - Alonso, Bernardo
AU - Cirone, Karina
AU - Paolicchi, Fernando
AU - Gavey, Lawrence
AU - Rahman, Md Tanvir
AU - De Marchin, Emmanuelle
AU - Van Praet, Willem
AU - Bauman, Cathy
AU - Fecteau, Gilles
AU - McKenna, Shawn
AU - Salgado, Miguel
AU - Fernández-Silva, Jorge
AU - Dziedzinska, Radka
AU - Echeverría, Gustavo
AU - Seppänen, Jaana
AU - Thibault, Virginie
AU - Fridriksdottir, Vala
AU - Derakhshandeh, Abdolah
AU - Haghkhah, Masoud
AU - Ruocco, Luigi
AU - Kawaji, Satoko
AU - Momotani, Eiichi
AU - Heuer, Cord
AU - Norton, Solis
AU - Cadmus, Simeon
AU - Agdestein, Angelika
AU - Kampen, Annette
AU - Szteyn, Joanna
AU - Frössling, Jenny
AU - Schwan, Ebba
AU - Caldow, George
AU - Strain, Sam
AU - Carter, Mike
AU - Wells, Scott
AU - Munyeme, Musso
AU - Wolf, Robert
AU - Gurung, Ratna
AU - Verdugo, Cristobal
AU - Fourichon, Christine
AU - Yamamoto, Takehisa
AU - Thapaliya, Sharada
AU - Di Labio, Elena
AU - Ekgatat, Monaya
AU - Gil, Andres
AU - Alesandre, Alvaro Nuñez
AU - Piaggio, José
AU - Suanes, Alejandra
AU - De Waard, Jacobus H.
PY - 2019
Y1 - 2019
N2 - Paratuberculosis, a chronic disease affecting ruminant livestock, is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (MAP). It has direct and indirect economic costs, impacts animal welfare and arouses public health concerns. In a survey of 48 countries we found paratuberculosis to be very common in livestock. In about half the countries more than 20% of herds and flocks were infected with MAP. Most countries had large ruminant populations (millions), several types of farmed ruminants, multiple husbandry systems and tens of thousands of individual farms, creating challenges for disease control. In addition, numerous species of free-living wildlife were infected. Paratuberculosis was notifiable in most countries, but formal control programs were present in only 22 countries. Generally, these were the more highly developed countries with advanced veterinary services. Of the countries without a formal control program for paratuberculosis, 76% were in South and Central America, Asia and Africa while 20% were in Europe. Control programs were justified most commonly on animal health grounds, but protecting market access and public health were other factors. Prevalence reduction was the major objective in most countries, but Norway and Sweden aimed to eradicate the disease, so surveillance and response were their major objectives. Government funding was involved in about two thirds of countries, but operations tended to be funded by farmers and their organizations and not by government alone. The majority of countries (60%) had voluntary control programs. Generally, programs were supported by incentives for joining, financial compensation and/or penalties for non-participation. Performance indicators, structure, leadership, practices and tools used in control programs are also presented. Securing funding for long-term control activities was a widespread problem. Control programs were reported to be successful in 16 (73%) of the 22 countries. Recommendations are made for future control programs, including a primary goal of establishing an international code for paratuberculosis, leading to universal acknowledgment of the principles and methods of control in relation to endemic and transboundary disease. An holistic approach across all ruminant livestock industries and long-term commitment is required for control of paratuberculosis.
AB - Paratuberculosis, a chronic disease affecting ruminant livestock, is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (MAP). It has direct and indirect economic costs, impacts animal welfare and arouses public health concerns. In a survey of 48 countries we found paratuberculosis to be very common in livestock. In about half the countries more than 20% of herds and flocks were infected with MAP. Most countries had large ruminant populations (millions), several types of farmed ruminants, multiple husbandry systems and tens of thousands of individual farms, creating challenges for disease control. In addition, numerous species of free-living wildlife were infected. Paratuberculosis was notifiable in most countries, but formal control programs were present in only 22 countries. Generally, these were the more highly developed countries with advanced veterinary services. Of the countries without a formal control program for paratuberculosis, 76% were in South and Central America, Asia and Africa while 20% were in Europe. Control programs were justified most commonly on animal health grounds, but protecting market access and public health were other factors. Prevalence reduction was the major objective in most countries, but Norway and Sweden aimed to eradicate the disease, so surveillance and response were their major objectives. Government funding was involved in about two thirds of countries, but operations tended to be funded by farmers and their organizations and not by government alone. The majority of countries (60%) had voluntary control programs. Generally, programs were supported by incentives for joining, financial compensation and/or penalties for non-participation. Performance indicators, structure, leadership, practices and tools used in control programs are also presented. Securing funding for long-term control activities was a widespread problem. Control programs were reported to be successful in 16 (73%) of the 22 countries. Recommendations are made for future control programs, including a primary goal of establishing an international code for paratuberculosis, leading to universal acknowledgment of the principles and methods of control in relation to endemic and transboundary disease. An holistic approach across all ruminant livestock industries and long-term commitment is required for control of paratuberculosis.
KW - Camelid
KW - Cattle
KW - Control
KW - Deer
KW - Goat
KW - Paratuberculosis
KW - Prevalence
KW - Review
KW - Sheep
KW - Wildlife
U2 - 10.1186/s12917-019-1943-4
DO - 10.1186/s12917-019-1943-4
M3 - Review
C2 - 31196162
AN - SCOPUS:85067291880
VL - 15
JO - B M C Veterinary Research
JF - B M C Veterinary Research
SN - 1746-6148
IS - 1
M1 - 198
ER -
ID: 226535401