TY - JOUR

T1 - The Targeting of Indoleamine 2,3 Dioxygenase -Mediated Immune Escape in Cancer

AU - Iversen, Trine Zeeberg

AU - Andersen, Mads Hald

AU - Svane, Inge Marie

N1 - © 2014 Nordic Association for the Publication of BCPT (former Nordic Pharmacological Society).

PY - 2015/1

Y1 - 2015/1

N2 - The era of immunotherapies was unleashed in 2010 with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of the first therapeutic vaccine sipuleucel-T as a standard treatment for metastatic prostate cancer. Next, the first immune-activating anticytotoxic lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) antibody ipilimumab exhibiting 'immune checkpoint blockade' was approved by FDA and European Medical Agency (EMA) for the treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma. New generations of immune checkpoint blockading antibodies targeting programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) are now under intense investigation in metastatic melanoma (MM) and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and impressive clinical results are anticipated. Despite these successes, only a fraction of patients become clinical responders to therapy. Thus, to improve the selection of patients likely to respond, scrutinizing different immune parameters during treatment is essential. In the summary of this PhD thesis, we investigated changes in immune parameters and their possible correlation with clinical efficacy in patients with MM during treatments with the standard chemo- and immunotherapies, temozolomide (TMZ) and interferon-α2b/interleukin-2 (IFN-α/IL-2) immunotherapy. The overall aim was to assess changes in frequency and absolute counts of different immune cell subsets before and after treatment and correlate to clinical benefit. Furthermore, the thesis covers a finalized, clinical phase 1 study in patients with NSCLC testing a peptide vaccination with a HLA-A2-restricted epitope derived from indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO). The overall aim in this trial was to evaluate safety and tolerability of IDO as an anticancer vaccine target in patients with NSCLC and to assess whether immunity correlated to clinical response.

AB - The era of immunotherapies was unleashed in 2010 with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of the first therapeutic vaccine sipuleucel-T as a standard treatment for metastatic prostate cancer. Next, the first immune-activating anticytotoxic lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) antibody ipilimumab exhibiting 'immune checkpoint blockade' was approved by FDA and European Medical Agency (EMA) for the treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma. New generations of immune checkpoint blockading antibodies targeting programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) are now under intense investigation in metastatic melanoma (MM) and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and impressive clinical results are anticipated. Despite these successes, only a fraction of patients become clinical responders to therapy. Thus, to improve the selection of patients likely to respond, scrutinizing different immune parameters during treatment is essential. In the summary of this PhD thesis, we investigated changes in immune parameters and their possible correlation with clinical efficacy in patients with MM during treatments with the standard chemo- and immunotherapies, temozolomide (TMZ) and interferon-α2b/interleukin-2 (IFN-α/IL-2) immunotherapy. The overall aim was to assess changes in frequency and absolute counts of different immune cell subsets before and after treatment and correlate to clinical benefit. Furthermore, the thesis covers a finalized, clinical phase 1 study in patients with NSCLC testing a peptide vaccination with a HLA-A2-restricted epitope derived from indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO). The overall aim in this trial was to evaluate safety and tolerability of IDO as an anticancer vaccine target in patients with NSCLC and to assess whether immunity correlated to clinical response.

KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal

KW - Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung

KW - Dacarbazine

KW - Humans

KW - Immunologic Factors

KW - Immunotherapy

KW - Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase

KW - Interferon-alpha

KW - Interleukin-2

KW - Lung Neoplasms

KW - Male

KW - Melanoma

KW - Prostatic Neoplasms

KW - Recombinant Proteins

KW - Tissue Extracts

U2 - 10.1111/bcpt.12320

DO - 10.1111/bcpt.12320

M3 - Review

C2 - 25207460

VL - 116

SP - 19

EP - 24

JO - Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology

JF - Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology

SN - 1742-7835

IS - 1

ER -