TY - JOUR

T1 - ADAM 12 cleaves extracellular matrix proteins and correlates with cancer status and stage

AU - Roy, Roopali

AU - Wewer, Ulla M

AU - Zurakowski, David

AU - Pories, Susan E

AU - Moses, Marsha A

PY - 2004/12/3

Y1 - 2004/12/3

N2 - ADAM 12 is a member of a family of disintegrin-containing metalloproteases that have been implicated in a variety of diseases including Alzheimer's disease, arthritis, and cancer. We purified ADAM 12 from the urine of breast cancer patients via Q-Sepharose anion exchange and gelatin-Sepharose affinity chromatography followed by protein identification by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Four peptides were identified that spanned the amino acid sequence of ADAM 12. Immunoblot analysis using ADAM 12-specific antibodies detected an approximately 68-kDa band identified as the mature form of ADAM 12. To characterize catalytic properties of ADAM 12, full-length ADAM 12-S was expressed in COS-7 cells and purified. Substrate specificity studies demonstrated that ADAM 12-S degrades gelatin, type IV collagen, and fibronectin but not type I collagen or casein. Gelatinase activity of ADAM 12 was completely abrogated by zinc chelators 1,10-phenanthroline and EDTA and was partially inhibited by the hydroxamate inhibitor Marimastat. Endogenous matrix metalloprotease inhibitor TIMP-3 inhibited activity. To validate our initial identification of this enzyme in human urine, 117 urine samples from breast cancer patients and controls were analyzed by immunoblot. The majority of samples from cancer patients were positive for ADAM 12 (67 of 71, sensitivity 0.94) compared with urine from controls in which ADAM 12 was detected with significantly lower frequency. Densitometric analyses of immunoblots demonstrated that ADAM 12 protein levels were higher in urine from breast cancer patients than in control urine. In addition, median levels of ADAM 12 in urine significantly increased with disease progression. These data demonstrate for the first time that ADAM 12 is a gelatinase, that it can be detected in breast cancer patient urine, and that increased urinary levels of this protein correlate with breast cancer progression. They further support the possibility that detection of urinary ADAM 12 may prove useful in the development of noninvasive diagnostic and prognostic tests for breast and perhaps other cancers.

AB - ADAM 12 is a member of a family of disintegrin-containing metalloproteases that have been implicated in a variety of diseases including Alzheimer's disease, arthritis, and cancer. We purified ADAM 12 from the urine of breast cancer patients via Q-Sepharose anion exchange and gelatin-Sepharose affinity chromatography followed by protein identification by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Four peptides were identified that spanned the amino acid sequence of ADAM 12. Immunoblot analysis using ADAM 12-specific antibodies detected an approximately 68-kDa band identified as the mature form of ADAM 12. To characterize catalytic properties of ADAM 12, full-length ADAM 12-S was expressed in COS-7 cells and purified. Substrate specificity studies demonstrated that ADAM 12-S degrades gelatin, type IV collagen, and fibronectin but not type I collagen or casein. Gelatinase activity of ADAM 12 was completely abrogated by zinc chelators 1,10-phenanthroline and EDTA and was partially inhibited by the hydroxamate inhibitor Marimastat. Endogenous matrix metalloprotease inhibitor TIMP-3 inhibited activity. To validate our initial identification of this enzyme in human urine, 117 urine samples from breast cancer patients and controls were analyzed by immunoblot. The majority of samples from cancer patients were positive for ADAM 12 (67 of 71, sensitivity 0.94) compared with urine from controls in which ADAM 12 was detected with significantly lower frequency. Densitometric analyses of immunoblots demonstrated that ADAM 12 protein levels were higher in urine from breast cancer patients than in control urine. In addition, median levels of ADAM 12 in urine significantly increased with disease progression. These data demonstrate for the first time that ADAM 12 is a gelatinase, that it can be detected in breast cancer patient urine, and that increased urinary levels of this protein correlate with breast cancer progression. They further support the possibility that detection of urinary ADAM 12 may prove useful in the development of noninvasive diagnostic and prognostic tests for breast and perhaps other cancers.

KW - ADAM Proteins

KW - Adult

KW - Aged

KW - Amino Acid Sequence

KW - Animals

KW - Blotting, Western

KW - Breast Neoplasms

KW - COS Cells

KW - Caseins

KW - Catalysis

KW - Chelating Agents

KW - Chromatography, Affinity

KW - Chromatography, Ion Exchange

KW - Collagen Type I

KW - Collagen Type IV

KW - Databases as Topic

KW - Densitometry

KW - Disease Progression

KW - Edetic Acid

KW - Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel

KW - Enzyme Inhibitors

KW - Extracellular Matrix

KW - Female

KW - Fibronectins

KW - Gelatin

KW - Humans

KW - Hydroxamic Acids

KW - Immunoblotting

KW - Membrane Proteins

KW - Metalloendopeptidases

KW - Middle Aged

KW - Molecular Sequence Data

KW - Neoplasm Metastasis

KW - Peptides

KW - Phenanthrolines

KW - Plasmids

KW - Recombinant Proteins

KW - Sensitivity and Specificity

KW - Sepharose

KW - Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization

KW - Substrate Specificity

KW - Ultracentrifugation

KW - Zinc

U2 - 10.1074/jbc.M409565200

DO - 10.1074/jbc.M409565200

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 15381692

VL - 279

SP - 51323

EP - 51330

JO - Journal of Biological Chemistry

JF - Journal of Biological Chemistry

SN - 0021-9258

IS - 49

ER -