The question of how to use renewable resources sustainably has been a pivotal focus in Greenland since the colonial period, when Inuit were confronted with Western perceptions of animals and the environment. The chapter addresses the challenge sustainable development policies bring in the process of making the social world. Using three case studies, the chapter investigates how the issue of sustainability has been productively linked to nation-building. The case studies vary in scale in order to understand Inuit’s involvement in different resource management regimes. Nation-building plays a key role in the implementation of sustainable development policies, exposing the different – and sometimes clashing – understandings of the concept of sustainability for state and the local resource users.