The effect of central nervous system involvement and irradiation in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Lessons from the NOPHO ALL-92 and ALL-2000 protocols
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- The effect of central nervous system involvement and irradiation in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Lessons from the NOPHO ALL-92 and ALL-2000 protocols
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BACKGROUND: Central nervous system irradiation (CNS-RT) has played a central role in the cure of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), but due to the risk of long-term toxicity, it is now considered a less-favorable method of CNS-directed therapy.
PROCEDURES: Retrospectively, we estimated the effect of CNS involvement and CNS-RT on events and overall survival (OS) in 835 children treated for high-risk ALL in the Nordic Society of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology (NOPHO) ALL-92 and ALL-2000 trials.
RESULTS: We did not observe a statistically significant difference in the OS or event-free survival (EFS) in patients with CNS involvement at diagnosis, but the risk of isolated CNS relapse was higher (hazard ratio [HR] 7.09, P < 0.001). CNS-RT was given to 169 of the 783 patients in first complete remission, of which 16 had CNS involvement at diagnosis. In general, CNS-RT improved EFS (HR 0.58, P < 0.05) but not OS (HR 0.69, P = n.s.). The adjusted HRs for all relapses, isolated bone marrow relapse, CNS-involving relapse, and isolated CNS relapse, were 0.47 (P < 0.01), 0.50 (P < 0.05), 0.34 (P < 0.01), and 0.12 (P < 0.01), respectively, in irradiated patients.
CONCLUSIONS: CNS-RT was associated with an advantage in EFS by decreasing the risk of relapse but without improving OS.
Originalsprog | Engelsk |
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Tidsskrift | Pediatric Blood & Cancer |
Vol/bind | 64 |
Udgave nummer | 2 |
Sider (fra-til) | 242-249 |
Antal sider | 8 |
ISSN | 1545-5009 |
DOI | |
Status | Udgivet - feb. 2017 |
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