Ultrafine particle exposure for bicycle commutes in rush and non-rush hour traffic: A repeated measures study in Copenhagen, Denmark

Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskriftTidsskriftartikelfagfællebedømt

Standard

Ultrafine particle exposure for bicycle commutes in rush and non-rush hour traffic : A repeated measures study in Copenhagen, Denmark. / Bergmann, M. L.; Andersen, Z. J.; Amini, H.; Khan, J; Lim, Y H; Loft, S.; Mehta, A.; Westendorp, R G; Cole-Hunter, T.

I: Environmental Pollution, Bind 294, 118631, 2022.

Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskriftTidsskriftartikelfagfællebedømt

Harvard

Bergmann, ML, Andersen, ZJ, Amini, H, Khan, J, Lim, YH, Loft, S, Mehta, A, Westendorp, RG & Cole-Hunter, T 2022, 'Ultrafine particle exposure for bicycle commutes in rush and non-rush hour traffic: A repeated measures study in Copenhagen, Denmark', Environmental Pollution, bind 294, 118631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118631

APA

Bergmann, M. L., Andersen, Z. J., Amini, H., Khan, J., Lim, Y. H., Loft, S., Mehta, A., Westendorp, R. G., & Cole-Hunter, T. (2022). Ultrafine particle exposure for bicycle commutes in rush and non-rush hour traffic: A repeated measures study in Copenhagen, Denmark. Environmental Pollution, 294, [118631]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118631

Vancouver

Bergmann ML, Andersen ZJ, Amini H, Khan J, Lim YH, Loft S o.a. Ultrafine particle exposure for bicycle commutes in rush and non-rush hour traffic: A repeated measures study in Copenhagen, Denmark. Environmental Pollution. 2022;294. 118631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118631

Author

Bergmann, M. L. ; Andersen, Z. J. ; Amini, H. ; Khan, J ; Lim, Y H ; Loft, S. ; Mehta, A. ; Westendorp, R G ; Cole-Hunter, T. / Ultrafine particle exposure for bicycle commutes in rush and non-rush hour traffic : A repeated measures study in Copenhagen, Denmark. I: Environmental Pollution. 2022 ; Bind 294.

Bibtex

@article{8e02b76fe3fb4d30a468122b31e2a72c,
title = "Ultrafine particle exposure for bicycle commutes in rush and non-rush hour traffic: A repeated measures study in Copenhagen, Denmark",
abstract = "Ultrafine particles (UFP), harmful to human health, are emitted at high levels from motorized traffic. Bicycle commuting is increasingly encouraged to reduce traffic emissions and increase physical activity, but higher breathing rates increase inhaled UFP concentrations while in traffic. We assessed exposure to UFP while cycling along a fixed 8.5 km inner-city route in Copenhagen, on weekdays over six weeks (from September to October 2020), during morning and afternoon rush-hour, as well as morning non-rush-hour, traffic time periods starting from 07:45, 15:45, and 09:45 h, respectively. Continuous measurements were made (each second) of particle number concentration (PNC) and location. PNC levels were summarized and compared across time periods. We used generalized additive models to adjust for meteorological factors, weekdays and trends. A total of 61 laps were completed, during 28 days (∼20 per time period). Overall mean PNC was 18,149 pt/cm3 (range 256-999,560 pt/cm3) with no significant difference between morning rush-hour (18003 pt/cm3), afternoon rush-hour (17560 pt/cm3) and late morning commute (17560 pt/cm3) [p = 0.85]. There was substantial spatial variation of UFP exposure along the route with highest PNC levels measured at traffic intersections (∼38,000-42000 pt/cm3), multiple lane roads (∼38,000-40000 pt/cm3) and construction sites (∼44,000-51000 pt/cm3), while lowest levels were measured at smaller streets, areas with open built environment (∼12,000 pt/cm3), as well as at a bus-only zone (∼15,000 pt/cm3). UFP exposure in inner-city Copenhagen did not differ substantially when bicycling in either rush-hour or non-rush-hour, or morning or afternoon, traffic time periods. UFP exposure varied substantially spatially, with highest concentrations around intersections, multiple lane roads, and construction sites. This suggests that exposure to UFP is not necessarily reduced by avoiding rush-hours, but by avoiding sources of pollution along the bicycling route.",
keywords = "Air Pollutants/analysis, Bicycling, Denmark, Environmental Exposure/analysis, Environmental Monitoring, Humans, Particle Size, Particulate Matter/analysis, Transportation, Vehicle Emissions/analysis",
author = "Bergmann, {M. L.} and Andersen, {Z. J.} and H. Amini and J Khan and Lim, {Y H} and S. Loft and A. Mehta and Westendorp, {R G} and T. Cole-Hunter",
note = "Copyright {\textcopyright} 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.",
year = "2022",
doi = "10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118631",
language = "English",
volume = "294",
journal = "Environmental Pollution",
issn = "0269-7491",
publisher = "Pergamon Press",

}

RIS

TY - JOUR

T1 - Ultrafine particle exposure for bicycle commutes in rush and non-rush hour traffic

T2 - A repeated measures study in Copenhagen, Denmark

AU - Bergmann, M. L.

AU - Andersen, Z. J.

AU - Amini, H.

AU - Khan, J

AU - Lim, Y H

AU - Loft, S.

AU - Mehta, A.

AU - Westendorp, R G

AU - Cole-Hunter, T.

N1 - Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

PY - 2022

Y1 - 2022

N2 - Ultrafine particles (UFP), harmful to human health, are emitted at high levels from motorized traffic. Bicycle commuting is increasingly encouraged to reduce traffic emissions and increase physical activity, but higher breathing rates increase inhaled UFP concentrations while in traffic. We assessed exposure to UFP while cycling along a fixed 8.5 km inner-city route in Copenhagen, on weekdays over six weeks (from September to October 2020), during morning and afternoon rush-hour, as well as morning non-rush-hour, traffic time periods starting from 07:45, 15:45, and 09:45 h, respectively. Continuous measurements were made (each second) of particle number concentration (PNC) and location. PNC levels were summarized and compared across time periods. We used generalized additive models to adjust for meteorological factors, weekdays and trends. A total of 61 laps were completed, during 28 days (∼20 per time period). Overall mean PNC was 18,149 pt/cm3 (range 256-999,560 pt/cm3) with no significant difference between morning rush-hour (18003 pt/cm3), afternoon rush-hour (17560 pt/cm3) and late morning commute (17560 pt/cm3) [p = 0.85]. There was substantial spatial variation of UFP exposure along the route with highest PNC levels measured at traffic intersections (∼38,000-42000 pt/cm3), multiple lane roads (∼38,000-40000 pt/cm3) and construction sites (∼44,000-51000 pt/cm3), while lowest levels were measured at smaller streets, areas with open built environment (∼12,000 pt/cm3), as well as at a bus-only zone (∼15,000 pt/cm3). UFP exposure in inner-city Copenhagen did not differ substantially when bicycling in either rush-hour or non-rush-hour, or morning or afternoon, traffic time periods. UFP exposure varied substantially spatially, with highest concentrations around intersections, multiple lane roads, and construction sites. This suggests that exposure to UFP is not necessarily reduced by avoiding rush-hours, but by avoiding sources of pollution along the bicycling route.

AB - Ultrafine particles (UFP), harmful to human health, are emitted at high levels from motorized traffic. Bicycle commuting is increasingly encouraged to reduce traffic emissions and increase physical activity, but higher breathing rates increase inhaled UFP concentrations while in traffic. We assessed exposure to UFP while cycling along a fixed 8.5 km inner-city route in Copenhagen, on weekdays over six weeks (from September to October 2020), during morning and afternoon rush-hour, as well as morning non-rush-hour, traffic time periods starting from 07:45, 15:45, and 09:45 h, respectively. Continuous measurements were made (each second) of particle number concentration (PNC) and location. PNC levels were summarized and compared across time periods. We used generalized additive models to adjust for meteorological factors, weekdays and trends. A total of 61 laps were completed, during 28 days (∼20 per time period). Overall mean PNC was 18,149 pt/cm3 (range 256-999,560 pt/cm3) with no significant difference between morning rush-hour (18003 pt/cm3), afternoon rush-hour (17560 pt/cm3) and late morning commute (17560 pt/cm3) [p = 0.85]. There was substantial spatial variation of UFP exposure along the route with highest PNC levels measured at traffic intersections (∼38,000-42000 pt/cm3), multiple lane roads (∼38,000-40000 pt/cm3) and construction sites (∼44,000-51000 pt/cm3), while lowest levels were measured at smaller streets, areas with open built environment (∼12,000 pt/cm3), as well as at a bus-only zone (∼15,000 pt/cm3). UFP exposure in inner-city Copenhagen did not differ substantially when bicycling in either rush-hour or non-rush-hour, or morning or afternoon, traffic time periods. UFP exposure varied substantially spatially, with highest concentrations around intersections, multiple lane roads, and construction sites. This suggests that exposure to UFP is not necessarily reduced by avoiding rush-hours, but by avoiding sources of pollution along the bicycling route.

KW - Air Pollutants/analysis

KW - Bicycling

KW - Denmark

KW - Environmental Exposure/analysis

KW - Environmental Monitoring

KW - Humans

KW - Particle Size

KW - Particulate Matter/analysis

KW - Transportation

KW - Vehicle Emissions/analysis

U2 - 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118631

DO - 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118631

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 34871646

VL - 294

JO - Environmental Pollution

JF - Environmental Pollution

SN - 0269-7491

M1 - 118631

ER -

ID: 288854248