TY - JOUR

T1 - Long-term air pollution exposure and Parkinson's disease mortality in a large pooled European cohort

T2 - An ELAPSE study

AU - Cole-Hunter, Thomas

AU - Zhang, Jiawei

AU - So, Rina

AU - Samoli, Evangelia

AU - Liu, Shuo

AU - Chen, Jie

AU - Strak, Maciej

AU - Wolf, Kathrin

AU - Weinmayr, Gudrun

AU - Rodopolou, Sophia

AU - Remfry, Elizabeth

AU - de Hoogh, Kees

AU - Bellander, Tom

AU - Brandt, Jørgen

AU - Concin, Hans

AU - Zitt, Emanuel

AU - Fecht, Daniela

AU - Forastiere, Francesco

AU - Gulliver, John

AU - Hoffmann, Barbara

AU - Hvidtfeldt, Ulla A

AU - Jöckel, Karl-Heinz

AU - Mortensen, Laust H

AU - Ketzel, Matthias

AU - Yacamán Méndez, Diego

AU - Leander, Karin

AU - Ljungman, Petter

AU - Faure, Elodie

AU - Lee, Pei-Chen

AU - Elbaz, Alexis

AU - Magnusson, Patrik K E

AU - Nagel, Gabriele

AU - Pershagen, Göran

AU - Peters, Annette

AU - Rizzuto, Debora

AU - Vermeulen, Roel C H

AU - Schramm, Sara

AU - Stafoggia, Massimo

AU - Katsouyanni, Klea

AU - Brunekreef, Bert

AU - Hoek, Gerard

AU - Lim, Youn-Hee

AU - Andersen, Zorana J

N1 - Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

PY - 2023

Y1 - 2023

N2 - BACKGROUND: The link between exposure to ambient air pollution and mortality from cardiorespiratory diseases is well established, while evidence on neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's Disease (PD) remains limited.OBJECTIVE: We examined the association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and PD mortality in seven European cohorts.METHODS: Within the project 'Effects of Low-Level Air Pollution: A Study in Europe' (ELAPSE), we pooled data from seven cohorts among six European countries. Annual mean residential concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2), black carbon (BC), and ozone (O 3), as well as 8 PM 2.5 components (copper, iron, potassium, nickel, sulphur, silicon, vanadium, zinc), for 2010 were estimated using Europe-wide hybrid land use regression models. PD mortality was defined as underlying cause of death being either PD, secondary Parkinsonism, or dementia in PD. We applied Cox proportional hazard models to investigate the associations between air pollution and PD mortality, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: Of 271,720 cohort participants, 381 died from PD during 19.7 years of follow-up. In single-pollutant analyses, we observed positive associations between PD mortality and PM 2.5 (hazard ratio per 5 µg/m 3: 1.25; 95% confidence interval: 1.01-1.55), NO 2 (1.13; 0.95-1.34 per 10 µg/m 3), and BC (1.12; 0.94-1.34 per 0.5 × 10 -5m -1), and a negative association with O 3 (0.74; 0.58-0.94 per 10 µg/m 3). Associations of PM 2.5, NO 2, and BC with PD mortality were linear without apparent lower thresholds. In two-pollutant models, associations with PM 2.5 remained robust when adjusted for NO 2 (1.24; 0.95-1.62) or BC (1.28; 0.96-1.71), whereas associations with NO 2 or BC attenuated to null. O 3 associations remained negative, but no longer statistically significant in models with PM 2.5. We detected suggestive positive associations with the potassium component of PM 2.5. CONCLUSION: Long-term exposure to PM 2.5, at levels well below current EU air pollution limit values, may contribute to PD mortality.

AB - BACKGROUND: The link between exposure to ambient air pollution and mortality from cardiorespiratory diseases is well established, while evidence on neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's Disease (PD) remains limited.OBJECTIVE: We examined the association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and PD mortality in seven European cohorts.METHODS: Within the project 'Effects of Low-Level Air Pollution: A Study in Europe' (ELAPSE), we pooled data from seven cohorts among six European countries. Annual mean residential concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2), black carbon (BC), and ozone (O 3), as well as 8 PM 2.5 components (copper, iron, potassium, nickel, sulphur, silicon, vanadium, zinc), for 2010 were estimated using Europe-wide hybrid land use regression models. PD mortality was defined as underlying cause of death being either PD, secondary Parkinsonism, or dementia in PD. We applied Cox proportional hazard models to investigate the associations between air pollution and PD mortality, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: Of 271,720 cohort participants, 381 died from PD during 19.7 years of follow-up. In single-pollutant analyses, we observed positive associations between PD mortality and PM 2.5 (hazard ratio per 5 µg/m 3: 1.25; 95% confidence interval: 1.01-1.55), NO 2 (1.13; 0.95-1.34 per 10 µg/m 3), and BC (1.12; 0.94-1.34 per 0.5 × 10 -5m -1), and a negative association with O 3 (0.74; 0.58-0.94 per 10 µg/m 3). Associations of PM 2.5, NO 2, and BC with PD mortality were linear without apparent lower thresholds. In two-pollutant models, associations with PM 2.5 remained robust when adjusted for NO 2 (1.24; 0.95-1.62) or BC (1.28; 0.96-1.71), whereas associations with NO 2 or BC attenuated to null. O 3 associations remained negative, but no longer statistically significant in models with PM 2.5. We detected suggestive positive associations with the potassium component of PM 2.5. CONCLUSION: Long-term exposure to PM 2.5, at levels well below current EU air pollution limit values, may contribute to PD mortality.

U2 - 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107667

DO - 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107667

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 36516478

VL - 171

JO - Environment international

JF - Environment international

SN - 0160-4120

M1 - 107667

ER -