Late Quaternary dynamics of Arctic biota from ancient environmental genomics: [+ Correction]
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During the last glacial–interglacial cycle, Arctic biotas experienced substantial climatic changes, yet the nature, extent and rate of their responses are not fully understood1–8. Here we report a large-scale environmental DNA metagenomic study of ancient plant and mammal communities, analysing 535 permafrost and lake sediment samples from across the Arctic spanning the past 50,000 years. Furthermore, we present 1,541 contemporary plant genome assemblies that were generated as reference sequences. Our study provides several insights into the long-term dynamics of the Arctic biota at the circumpolar and regional scales. Our key findings include: (1) a relatively homogeneous steppe–tundra flora dominated the Arctic during the Last Glacial Maximum, followed by regional divergence of vegetation during the Holocene epoch; (2) certain grazing animals consistently co-occurred in space and time; (3) humans appear to have been a minor factor in driving animal distributions; (4) higher effective precipitation, as well as an increase in the proportion of wetland plants, show negative effects on animal diversity; (5) the persistence of the steppe–tundra vegetation in northern Siberia enabled the late survival of several now-extinct megafauna species, including the woolly mammoth until 3.9 ± 0.2 thousand years ago (ka) and the woolly rhinoceros until 9.8 ± 0.2 ka; and (6) phylogenetic analysis of mammoth environmental DNA reveals a previously unsampled mitochondrial lineage. Our findings highlight the power of ancient environmental metagenomics analyses to advance understanding of population histories and long-term ecological dynamics.
| Originalsprog | Engelsk |
|---|---|
| Tidsskrift | Nature |
| Vol/bind | 600 |
| Udgave nummer | 7887 |
| Sider (fra-til) | 86–92 |
| Antal sider | 19 |
| ISSN | 0028-0836 |
| DOI | |
| Status | Udgivet - 2021 |
Bibliografisk note
Funding Information:
Acknowledgements We thank D. H. Mann for his detailed and constructive comments; and T. Ager, J. Austin, T. B. Brand, A. Cooper, S. Funder, M. T. P. Gilbert, T. Jørgensen, N. J. Korsgaard, S. Liu, M. Meldgaard, P. V. S. Olsen, M. L. Siggaard-Andersen, J. Stenderup, S. A. Woodroffe and staff at the GeoGenetics Sequencing Core and National Park Service-Western Arctic National Parklands for help and support. E.W. and D.J.M. thank the staff at St. John’s College, Cambridge, for providing a stimulating environment for scientific discussion of the project. E.W. thanks Illumina for collaboration. The Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre is supported by the Carlsberg Foundation (CF18-0024), the Lundbeck Foundation (R302-2018-2155), the Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF18SA0035006), the Wellcome Trust (UNS69906) and GRF EXC CRS Chair (44113220)—Cluster of Excellence. The PhyloNorway plant genome database is part of the Norwegian Barcode of Life Network (https://www.norbol.org) funded by the Research Council of Norway (226134/F50), the Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre (14-14, 70184209) and The Arctic University Museum of Norway. Metabarcoding sequencing was funded by the Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, CAFS (2017B001 and 2020A001). B.D.S. is supported by the Wellcome Trust programme in Mathematical Genomics and Medicine (WT220023); F.R. by a Villum Fonden Young Investigator award (no. 00025300); D.J.M. by the Quest Archaeological Research Fund; P.M. by the Swedish Research Council (VR); R.D. by the Wellcome Trust (WT207492); and A.R. by a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions Individual Fellowship (MSCA-IF, 703542) and the Research Council of Norway (KLIMAFORSK, 294929). L.O. has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (no. 681605); I.G.A. and Y.L. from the ERC under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (no. 819192). J.I.S. and J.M. are supported by the Research Council of Norway. P.B.H. and N.R.E. acknowledge NERC funding (grant NE/ P015093/1). D.W.B. was supported by a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions Incoming International Fellowship (MCIIF-40974). T.S.K. is funded by a Carlsberg Foundation Young Researcher Fellowship (CF19-0712).
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© 2021, The Author(s).
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