Inactivated genotype 1a, 2a and 3a HCV vaccine candidates induced broadly neutralising antibodies in mice

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Objective: A prophylactic vaccine is needed to control the HCV epidemic, with genotypes 1-3 causing >80% of worldwide infections. Vaccine development is hampered by HCV heterogeneity, viral escape including protection of conserved neutralising epitopes and suboptimal efficacy of HCV cell culture systems. We developed cell culture-based inactivated genotype 1-3 HCV vaccine candidates to present natively folded envelope proteins to elicit neutralising antibodies. Design: High-yield genotype 1a, 2a and 3a HCV were developed by serial passage of TNcc, J6cc and DBN3acc in Huh7.5 cells and engineering of acquired mutations detected by next-generation sequencing. Neutralising epitope exposure was determined in cell-based neutralisation assays using human monoclonal antibodies AR3A and AR4A, and polyclonal antibody C211. BALB/c mice were immunised with processed and inactivated genotype 1a, 2a or 3a viruses using AddaVax, a homologue of the licenced adjuvant MF-59. Purified mouse and patient serum IgG were assayed for neutralisation capacity; mouse IgG and immune-sera were assayed for E1/E2 binding. Results: Compared with the original viruses, high-yield viruses had up to ∼1000 fold increased infectivity titres (peak titres: 6-7 log10 focus-forming units (FFU)/mL) and up to ∼2470 fold increased exposure of conserved neutralising epitopes. Vaccine-induced IgG broadly neutralised genotype 1-6 HCV (EC50: 30-193 μg/mL; mean 71 μg/mL), compared favourably with IgG from chronically infected patients, and bound genotype 1-3 E1/E2; immune-sera endpoint titres reached up to 32 000. Conclusion: High-yield genotype 1-3 HCV could be developed as basis for inactivated vaccine candidates inducing broadly neutralising antibodies in mice supporting further preclinical development.

OriginalsprogEngelsk
TidsskriftGut
Vol/bind72
Udgave nummer3
Sider (fra-til)560-572
ISSN0017-5749
DOI
StatusUdgivet - 2023

Bibliografisk note

Funding Information:
This work was supported by PhD stipends and bonuses from the Candys Foundation and the University of Copenhagen (AFP, AO, JB and JMG), the China Scholarship Council (ZD and JMG), grants from the Novo Nordisk Foundation (NW, JB and JMG), The Danish Cancer Society (JB and JMG), Independent Research Fund Denmark (DFF) - Medical Sciences (JB and JMG), Innovation Fund Denmark (JB and JMG), The Lundbeck Foundation (JP and JB), The Region H Foundation (AFP, CS, JB and JMG), The Toyota Foundation (AO and JMG), The Læge Sofus Carl Emil Friis og Hustru Olga Doris Friis’ Foundation (JMG) and The Mauritzen La Fontaine Foundation (JB). ML is partly funded by NIH grants AI123861 and AI144232.

Publisher Copyright:
© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

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