TY - JOUR

T1 - Enterotypes of the human gut microbiome

T2 - [Plus]Corrigendum [Plus]Addendum

AU - Arumugam, Manimozhiyan

AU - Raes, Jeroen

AU - Pelletier, Eric

AU - Le Paslier, Denis

AU - Yamada, Takuji

AU - Mende, Daniel R

AU - Fernandes, Gabriel R

AU - Tap, Julien

AU - Bruls, Thomas

AU - Batto, Jean-Michel

AU - dos Santos, Marcelo Bertalan Quintanilha

AU - Borruel, Natalia

AU - Casellas, Francesc

AU - Fernandez, Leyden

AU - Gautier, Laurent

AU - Hansen, Torben

AU - Hattori, Masahira

AU - Hayashi, Tetsuya

AU - Kleerebezem, Michiel

AU - Kurokawa, Ken

AU - Leclerc, Marion

AU - Levenez, Florence

AU - Manichanh, Chaysavanh

AU - Nielsen, H Bjørn

AU - Nielsen, Trine

AU - Pons, Nicolas

AU - Poulain, Julie

AU - Qin, Junjie

AU - Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas

AU - Tims, Sebastian

AU - Torrents, David

AU - Ugarte, Edgardo

AU - Zoetendal, Erwin G

AU - Wang, Jun

AU - Guarner, Francisco

AU - Pedersen, Oluf

AU - de Vos, Willem M

AU - Brunak, Søren

AU - Doré, Joel

AU - Antolín, María

AU - Artiguenave, François

AU - Blottiere, Hervé M

AU - Almeida, Mathieu

AU - Brechot, Christian

AU - Cara, Carlos

AU - Chervaux, Christian

AU - Cultrone, Antonella

AU - Delorme, Christine

AU - Denariaz, Gérard

AU - Kristiansen, Karsten

AU - MetaHIT Consortium

PY - 2011

Y1 - 2011

N2 - Our knowledge of species and functional composition of the human gut microbiome is rapidly increasing, but it is still based on very few cohorts and little is known about variation across the world. By combining 22 newly sequenced faecal metagenomes of individuals from four countries with previously published data sets, here we identify three robust clusters (referred to as enterotypes hereafter) that are not nation or continent specific. We also confirmed the enterotypes in two published, larger cohorts, indicating that intestinal microbiota variation is generally stratified, not continuous. This indicates further the existence of a limited number of well-balanced host-microbial symbiotic states that might respond differently to diet and drug intake. The enterotypes are mostly driven by species composition, but abundant molecular functions are not necessarily provided by abundant species, highlighting the importance of a functional analysis to understand microbial communities. Although individual host properties such as body mass index, age, or gender cannot explain the observed enterotypes, data-driven marker genes or functional modules can be identified for each of these host properties. For example, twelve genes significantly correlate with age and three functional modules with the body mass index, hinting at a diagnostic potential of microbial markers.

AB - Our knowledge of species and functional composition of the human gut microbiome is rapidly increasing, but it is still based on very few cohorts and little is known about variation across the world. By combining 22 newly sequenced faecal metagenomes of individuals from four countries with previously published data sets, here we identify three robust clusters (referred to as enterotypes hereafter) that are not nation or continent specific. We also confirmed the enterotypes in two published, larger cohorts, indicating that intestinal microbiota variation is generally stratified, not continuous. This indicates further the existence of a limited number of well-balanced host-microbial symbiotic states that might respond differently to diet and drug intake. The enterotypes are mostly driven by species composition, but abundant molecular functions are not necessarily provided by abundant species, highlighting the importance of a functional analysis to understand microbial communities. Although individual host properties such as body mass index, age, or gender cannot explain the observed enterotypes, data-driven marker genes or functional modules can be identified for each of these host properties. For example, twelve genes significantly correlate with age and three functional modules with the body mass index, hinting at a diagnostic potential of microbial markers.

KW - Bacteria

KW - Bacterial Typing Techniques

KW - Biodiversity

KW - Biological Markers

KW - Europe

KW - Feces

KW - Female

KW - Humans

KW - Intestines

KW - Male

KW - Metagenome

KW - Metagenomics

KW - Phylogeny

U2 - 10.1038/nature09944

DO - 10.1038/nature09944

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 21508958

VL - 473

SP - 174

EP - 180

JO - Nature

JF - Nature

SN - 0028-0836

IS - 7346

ER -