Causative exposures and temporal development of cobalt allergy in Denmark between 2002 and 2017
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Causative exposures and temporal development of cobalt allergy in Denmark between 2002 and 2017. / Alinaghi, Farzad; Zachariae, Claus; Thyssen, Jacob P.; Johansen, Jeanne D.
I: Contact Dermatitis, Bind 81, Nr. 4, 2019, s. 242-248.Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Tidsskriftartikel › fagfællebedømt
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Causative exposures and temporal development of cobalt allergy in Denmark between 2002 and 2017
AU - Alinaghi, Farzad
AU - Zachariae, Claus
AU - Thyssen, Jacob P.
AU - Johansen, Jeanne D.
PY - 2019
Y1 - 2019
N2 - Background: Cobalt contact allergy is common, but clinical relevance is often difficult to determine. Objectives: To examine the aetiology, prevalence and clinical characteristics of cobalt-allergic patients who were patch tested between 2002 and 2017 at the Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital. Methods: Patch test data, along with patient characteristics and causative exposures, from all adult dermatitis patients seen and tested between 2002 and 2017 were analysed. Associations were tested with the χ2 test and logistic regression. Results: A total of 13 475 adults aged 18 to 99 years were patch tested. The overall prevalence of cobalt allergy and the prevalence of isolated cobalt allergy were 3.3% and 1.5%, respectively. The prevalence of isolated cobalt allergy decreased from 2.4% in 2006 to 2009 to 1.1% in 2014 to 2017 (Ptrend = 0.00003). Leather exposure as a relevant cause of allergic cobalt dermatitis increased from 3.7% in 2002 to 2009 to 8.3% in 2010 to 2017 (P = 0.04). The current clinical relevance of positive patch test reactions, that is, a positive reaction to cobalt combined with a history of current skin exposure to a source of cobalt, was 20.1%. Conclusions: We conclude that cobalt allergy is relatively common, but causative exposures are largely unknown, and the proportion of positive patch test reactions with clinical relevance is low. It is therefore currently unclear how we can better protect consumers and workers from cobalt exposure.
AB - Background: Cobalt contact allergy is common, but clinical relevance is often difficult to determine. Objectives: To examine the aetiology, prevalence and clinical characteristics of cobalt-allergic patients who were patch tested between 2002 and 2017 at the Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital. Methods: Patch test data, along with patient characteristics and causative exposures, from all adult dermatitis patients seen and tested between 2002 and 2017 were analysed. Associations were tested with the χ2 test and logistic regression. Results: A total of 13 475 adults aged 18 to 99 years were patch tested. The overall prevalence of cobalt allergy and the prevalence of isolated cobalt allergy were 3.3% and 1.5%, respectively. The prevalence of isolated cobalt allergy decreased from 2.4% in 2006 to 2009 to 1.1% in 2014 to 2017 (Ptrend = 0.00003). Leather exposure as a relevant cause of allergic cobalt dermatitis increased from 3.7% in 2002 to 2009 to 8.3% in 2010 to 2017 (P = 0.04). The current clinical relevance of positive patch test reactions, that is, a positive reaction to cobalt combined with a history of current skin exposure to a source of cobalt, was 20.1%. Conclusions: We conclude that cobalt allergy is relatively common, but causative exposures are largely unknown, and the proportion of positive patch test reactions with clinical relevance is low. It is therefore currently unclear how we can better protect consumers and workers from cobalt exposure.
KW - cobalt
KW - contact allergy
KW - exposure
KW - leather
KW - prevalence
KW - relevance
KW - trend
U2 - 10.1111/cod.13326
DO - 10.1111/cod.13326
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 31125134
AN - SCOPUS:85067339780
VL - 81
SP - 242
EP - 248
JO - Contact Dermatitis
JF - Contact Dermatitis
SN - 0105-1873
IS - 4
ER -
ID: 236216504