TY - JOUR

T1 - Carotenoid composition and bioaccessibility of papaya cultivars from Hawaii

AU - Laurora, Alice

AU - Bingham, Jon-Paul

AU - Poojary, Mahesha M.

AU - Wall, Marisa M.

AU - Ho, Kacie K. H. Y.

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2021 Elsevier Inc.

PY - 2021

Y1 - 2021

N2 - Papaya (C. papaya) is a rich source of bioactive compounds. However, fruit bioactive content varies greatly depending on factors such as the variety and growing location. In this study, three yellow-fleshed papaya cultivars (Lāʻie Gold, Rainbow, Kapoho Solo) and two red-fleshed cultivars (Sunset and Sunrise) were harvested from different locations throughout the Hawaiian Islands and analyzed for their mineral and carotenoid content using ICP-MS and HPLC, respectively. Bioaccessibility of carotenoids across papaya cultivars were compared using an in-vitro digestion model. Yellow-fleshed papayas contained two major carotenoids: β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin. In addition to these two carotenoids, red-fleshed papayas also contained high lycopene levels. Varietal and geographical differences were evident in both carotenoid content and their bioaccessibility. β-cryptoxanthin was the main carotenoid among yellow-fleshed cultivars, Laie Gold, Rainbow and Kapoho Solo (242.9–739.5 μg/100 g), followed by β-carotene (152.4–331.0 μg/100 g). The red-fleshed varieties, Sunset and Sunrise, contained 1089.6–1570.4 μg lycopene /100 g. Papayas (100 g) contained 6% and 8% of the dietary reference intake (DRI) for Cu and Mg, respectively, but less than 3% of the DRI for other minerals. Among yellow-fleshed papayas, total carotenoid bioaccessibility was highest in the Rainbow variety from Keaʻau and Kapoho farms on the Island of Hawaii. Bioaccessibility of lycopene from red-fleshed papayas ranged from 1.5–11.4%. Altogether, these findings suggest that not only variety, but also different growing location alter the content and bioaccessibility of carotenoids in papaya.

AB - Papaya (C. papaya) is a rich source of bioactive compounds. However, fruit bioactive content varies greatly depending on factors such as the variety and growing location. In this study, three yellow-fleshed papaya cultivars (Lāʻie Gold, Rainbow, Kapoho Solo) and two red-fleshed cultivars (Sunset and Sunrise) were harvested from different locations throughout the Hawaiian Islands and analyzed for their mineral and carotenoid content using ICP-MS and HPLC, respectively. Bioaccessibility of carotenoids across papaya cultivars were compared using an in-vitro digestion model. Yellow-fleshed papayas contained two major carotenoids: β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin. In addition to these two carotenoids, red-fleshed papayas also contained high lycopene levels. Varietal and geographical differences were evident in both carotenoid content and their bioaccessibility. β-cryptoxanthin was the main carotenoid among yellow-fleshed cultivars, Laie Gold, Rainbow and Kapoho Solo (242.9–739.5 μg/100 g), followed by β-carotene (152.4–331.0 μg/100 g). The red-fleshed varieties, Sunset and Sunrise, contained 1089.6–1570.4 μg lycopene /100 g. Papayas (100 g) contained 6% and 8% of the dietary reference intake (DRI) for Cu and Mg, respectively, but less than 3% of the DRI for other minerals. Among yellow-fleshed papayas, total carotenoid bioaccessibility was highest in the Rainbow variety from Keaʻau and Kapoho farms on the Island of Hawaii. Bioaccessibility of lycopene from red-fleshed papayas ranged from 1.5–11.4%. Altogether, these findings suggest that not only variety, but also different growing location alter the content and bioaccessibility of carotenoids in papaya.

KW - Bioaccessibility

KW - Carotenoids

KW - Extraction

KW - Food matrix

KW - Lycopene

KW - Minerals

KW - Papaya

KW - β-Carotene

KW - β-Cryptoxanthin

U2 - 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.103984

DO - 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.103984

M3 - Journal article

AN - SCOPUS:85106904763

VL - 101

JO - Journal of Food Composition and Analysis

JF - Journal of Food Composition and Analysis

SN - 0889-1575

M1 - 103984

ER -