In this study, we report important relationships between kernel starch and kernel dehydration rate for eight maize inbred lines with different dehydration characteristics. High-throughput RNA sequencing data of starch biosynthesis-related genes showed that kernel moisture content and dehydration rate were both associated with differential expression of most starch biosynthetic genes. Especially, kernel moisture content was positively correlated with the increased expression of SBEI and SBEIIb, thereby potentially inducing biosynthesis of amylose with low molecular weight and amylopectin with low content of amylopectin chains with degree of polymerization (DP) 6-12 in inbred lines with fast kernel dehydration rate. We found a negative correlation between short amylopectin chains (DP 6-12) and the starch retrogradation rate. Hence, a low amount of amylopectin chains with DP 6-12 in the inbred lines with fast kernel dehydration rate was a plausible reason for their high short- and long-term retrogradation.