TY - JOUR

T1 - A detailed investigation of the Pterocarpus clade (Leguminosae Dalbergieae)

T2 - Etaballia with radially symmetrical flowers is nested within the papilionoid-flowered Pterocarpus

AU - Klitgård, Bente B.

AU - Forest, Félix

AU - Booth, Thomas J.

AU - Saslis Lagoudakis, Haris

PY - 2013/11

Y1 - 2013/11

N2 - The pantropical genus Pterocarpus (Leguminosae: Dalbergieae) with papilionoid flowers, and allied genera in the Pterocarpus clade were sampled for the five molecular markers ITS2, trnL-F, ndhF-rpL32, matK, and rbcL, as part of our ongoing systematic studies in the clade. For wider analyses of the Pterocarpus clade the remaining 14 members of this clade were also sampled for matK. Phylogenetic analyses were performed under the maximum likelihood criterion (ML) and Bayesian criteria. In the five-marker analysis of the core Pterocarpus clade (including 106 accessions) two robustly supported clades were resolved. The first clade includes Centrolobium, Etaballia, Inocarpus, Maraniona, Paramachaerium, Pterocarpus, Ramorinoa, and Tipuana. The second includes all species of Pterocarpus (except P. acapulcensis), Etaballia with radially symmetric flowers, and Paramachaerium. Paramachaerium is placed as sister to the several Pterocarpus species from South America, while Etaballia is resolved within the clade containing the African and Asian species of Pterocarpus. The wider sampled matK data set includes 199 accessions. Discolobium and Riedeliella are recovered as sister to the remaining Pterocarpus clade. Platymiscium is strongly supported as sister to the rest of the members of the clade, and Pterocarpus acapulcensis is also here resolved in a separate lineage from the remaining Pterocarpus accessions. We used the phylogenies to investigate patterns of floral evolvability in the Pterocarpus clade, which include four genera with actinomorphic flowers (. Acosmium s.s., Etaballia, Inocarpus and Riedelliela). Our results reinforce the hypothesis that flower evolvability is high in early-branching legume lineages, and that actinomorphy has evolved independently four times in the Pterocarpus clade. In light of our results, the taxonomic status of the monospecific genus Etaballia dubia Benth. was revisited, and the species is synonymized as belonging to Pterocarpus, under the name Pterocarpus dubius Spreng., published in 1827, but hiding in synonymy for nearly two centuries.

AB - The pantropical genus Pterocarpus (Leguminosae: Dalbergieae) with papilionoid flowers, and allied genera in the Pterocarpus clade were sampled for the five molecular markers ITS2, trnL-F, ndhF-rpL32, matK, and rbcL, as part of our ongoing systematic studies in the clade. For wider analyses of the Pterocarpus clade the remaining 14 members of this clade were also sampled for matK. Phylogenetic analyses were performed under the maximum likelihood criterion (ML) and Bayesian criteria. In the five-marker analysis of the core Pterocarpus clade (including 106 accessions) two robustly supported clades were resolved. The first clade includes Centrolobium, Etaballia, Inocarpus, Maraniona, Paramachaerium, Pterocarpus, Ramorinoa, and Tipuana. The second includes all species of Pterocarpus (except P. acapulcensis), Etaballia with radially symmetric flowers, and Paramachaerium. Paramachaerium is placed as sister to the several Pterocarpus species from South America, while Etaballia is resolved within the clade containing the African and Asian species of Pterocarpus. The wider sampled matK data set includes 199 accessions. Discolobium and Riedeliella are recovered as sister to the remaining Pterocarpus clade. Platymiscium is strongly supported as sister to the rest of the members of the clade, and Pterocarpus acapulcensis is also here resolved in a separate lineage from the remaining Pterocarpus accessions. We used the phylogenies to investigate patterns of floral evolvability in the Pterocarpus clade, which include four genera with actinomorphic flowers (. Acosmium s.s., Etaballia, Inocarpus and Riedelliela). Our results reinforce the hypothesis that flower evolvability is high in early-branching legume lineages, and that actinomorphy has evolved independently four times in the Pterocarpus clade. In light of our results, the taxonomic status of the monospecific genus Etaballia dubia Benth. was revisited, and the species is synonymized as belonging to Pterocarpus, under the name Pterocarpus dubius Spreng., published in 1827, but hiding in synonymy for nearly two centuries.

KW - Etaballia

KW - ITS2

KW - MatK

KW - NdhF-rpL32

KW - Phylogeny

KW - Pterocarpus

KW - Radially symmetric flowers

KW - RbcL

KW - TrnL-F

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84887827172&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.sajb.2013.07.006

DO - 10.1016/j.sajb.2013.07.006

M3 - Journal article

AN - SCOPUS:84887827172

VL - 89

SP - 128

EP - 142

JO - South African Journal of Botany

JF - South African Journal of Botany

SN - 0254-6299

ER -