The past decade has seen remarkable advances in the availability of tools to support scientific collaboration at a distance. This is especially good news for international collaborations, where in the past constraints on collocation and travel have made such collaborations a major challenge. The emergence of advanced cyberinfrastructure and associated tools is changing the landscape for international collaborations. However, as the papers in this session show, there is much more than good engineering involved. There is a complex interplay of social, organizational, legal, and technical issues. Just because something is possible does not mean it will happen. Many forces involving incentives to work together through emerging technologies and policies that govern how such work might proceed serve as inhibitors to success. The papers in the session that led to this chapter explore a number of these issues.