High-resolution insights into episodes of crystallization, hydrothermal alteration and remelting in the Skaergaard intrusive complex

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  • Joern-Frederik Wotzlaw
  • Ilya N. Bindeman
  • Urs Schaltegger
  • C. Kent Brooks
  • H. Richard Naslund
This paper presents a new high-precision zircon U-Pb geochronological view on the crystallization and assembly process of one of the most important and intensely studied intrusive bodies on Earth the Skaergaard intrusion in East Greenland. With analytical uncertainties of a few tens of thousands of years, we were able to resolve several important events during cooling of this intrusion. Initial cooling of the shallowly intruded similar to 300 km(3) of tholeiitic basaltic magma from liquidus to zircon saturation at similar to 1000 degrees C is recorded by a precise zircon crystallization age of 55.960 +/- 0.018 Ma of an intercumulus gabbroic pegmatite in the lower portion of the intrusion. Based on this zircon crystallization age and a published cooling model we estimate the ``true'' age of emplacement to be similar to 56.02 Ma. The last portions of Skaergaard appear to crystallize completely similar to 100 ka after emplacement as recorded by abundant similar to 55.91-55.93 Ma zircons in the Sandwich Horizon (SH), where lower and upper solidification fronts met. Intrusion of an isotopically distinct new magma batch, the similar to 600 m thick Basistoppen Sill, into the solidified upper portion of Skaergaard, happened at 55.895 +/- 0.018 Ma, suggesting close timing between crystallization of evolved rocks around the SH and intrusion of the Basistoppen Sill. The novel result of this work is the demonstration that zircons in the SH, > 100 m below the Basistoppen contact, have a bimodal age distribution, with the youngest population of 55.838 +/- 0.019 Ma postdating intrusion of the Basistoppen Sill by 57 +/- 37 ka. Oxygen isotope analyses reveal that SH zircons are low and heterogeneous with respect to delta O-18. These results support the proposed conclusion that the SH crystallized twice: it was fully crystalline, then hydrothermally-altered by low-delta O-18 surface waters and subsequently partially remelted, triggered by heat of the Basistoppen Sill. The low-degree partial melt generated during remelting partially migrated upward by intergranular compaction-driven flow, explaining the existence of the most incompatible trace element rich horizon, similar to 100 m above SH. As the Skaergaard intrusion is also the most classic example of a shallow meteoric hydrothermal system, this work documents the alternating processes in a life of an intrusion with periods of hydrothermal cooling, heating by new intrusions, and related remelting events, which cause the generation of low-delta O-18 magmas. Our precise temporal framework for intrusion crystallization also provides constraints for the timing of coeval flood basalt volcanism and its synchronicity with the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum.
Original languageEnglish
JournalEarth and Planetary Science Letters
Volume355-356
Pages (from-to)199-212
Number of pages14
ISSN0012-821X
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2012

ID: 49590549